library of §mpt^$. 






I'NITEI) s'lATE.S OF AMERICA. 




1 Erie Eailway. 





-^g^g^^'^J:'^ :-2^- 



TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO. 

229 Broadway, New York. 



M 



JosiAH Hedden. Isaiah C. Babcoc, 

Locke W. Winchester. Robert M. Heddek, 



HEDDEN, WINCHESTER & CO., 

BANKERS & BROKERS, 

69 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



STOCKS, BONDS, GOVERNMENT SECURITIES, and GOLD 
Bought and Sold on Commission. 



REFERENCES: 



H. H. VAN DYCK, Assistant Treasurer, United States. 

JOHN J. CISCO. 

WM. H. ASPINWALL. 

HENRY A. SMYTHE. 

GARDNER G. ROWLAND. 

PAUL SPOFFORD. 

JOHN McB. DAVIDSON. 

P. HARMONY'S NEPHEWS & CO. . ' 

L. MAILLARD & CO. 

HENRY WELLS, President American Express Co. 

WM. B. DINSMORE, President Adams Express Co. 

A. H. BARNEY, President United States Express Co. 

JOHNSTON LIVINGSTON, President National Express Co. 

JOHN BUTTERFIELD, American Express Co. 

EDWARD H. ARTHUR, President Union National Bank. 

EDWARD HAIGHT, President National Bank of the Commonwealth. 



GUARDIAN 

MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO., 



OF NEW YOBK.v 



ASSETS, nearly 
ANNUAL. INCOME, 



$1,000,000 
$600,000 



Home Office, No. 102 Broadtvay, 



Hon. JOHN A. DIX, - 
Hon. JAMES HARPER, 
JOHN J. CRANE, - 
WM. T. HOOKER, - 
WM. M. VERMILYE, 



CHAS. G. ROCKVVOOD, 
Hon. GEO. OPDYKE, 
MINOT C. MORGAN, 
THOMAS RIGNEY, - 
BENJ. B. SHERMAN, 
AARON ARNOLD, - 
CHAS. J COGGILL, 
E. V. HAUGHVVOUT, 
WM. WILKENS, . - 
JULIUS H. PRATT, 
WM. W. WRIGHT, - 
CHAS. J. STARR, - 
WILLIAM ALLEN, - 
GEO. W. CUYLER, - 
GEO. T. HOPE, - - 
JOHN H. SHERWOOD, 
WALTON H. PECKHAM 
EDWARD H. WRIGHT, 
GEORGE W. FARLEE, 
WM. L. COGSWELL, - 



New York. 

Firm Harper &. Brothers, Ex-Mayor New York. 
President Bank Republic. 
Wall Street. 

Banker, (Vermilye & Co.) 
Cashier Newark'Banking Co. 
Ex-Mayor of New York. 
Banker. 

Firm Thos. Rigney & Co. 
Treasurer N. Y. Steam Sugar Refining Co. 
Firm of Arnold, Constable &. Co. 
Merch ant- 
Firm E. V. Haughwout &. Co. 
Firm W. Wilkens &, Co. 
Merchant. 
Merchant. 
Merchant. 
Merchant. 

Banker, Palmyra, N. Y. 

President Continental Fire Insuranoe Company. 
Park Place. 

Cor. 5th Avenue and 23d Street. 
Newark, N. J. 
Counsellor. 
Merchant. 



ALL FORMS OF POLICIES ISSUED. 

A loan of one-third of each annual payment granted if required. 

ALL POLICIES NON-FORFEITABLE. 
Dividends declared and paid ANNUALLY after the third year. 

WALTON H. PECKHAM, President. 

HENEY V. GAHAGAN, Sec'y. LUCIUS McADAM, Actuary. 

W. E. VERMILYE, M.D., Medical Examiner. 



G- E :]sr E :e=l ^^ Xj 

BENJ. F. WATSON, Metropolitan District, 

ENEAS SMITH, General Agent, 

M. O WAGGONER, for Ohio and Michigan, 

iOHN ALLINGTON. for Indiana and Ilhnois, 
). J. BLANKE. for Missouri, 
ABRAHAM WILLIAMS, for Iowa, 
JAS. R. GARNISS, forCalitomia, 
D. T. MACFARLAN, General Agent, - 



I02 Broaaway. 
- Philadelphia. 
Norwalk, O. 



Indianapohs. 
St Louis. 
Dubuque. 
San Francisco. 
I02 Broadway. 



THE 

Life Insurance Company 

GRANT 
EVERY FORM OF POLICY 
UPON THE LOWEST COMPENSATING TERMS. 
The Company is mutual. 

The profits are divided annually. 
The losses are paid immediately. 

The policies are, 3/ i/ieir terms, n on- forfeitable. 
The policies are, by tlieir terms, incontestible. 

The insured need no extra permit to visit Europe 

or California, 
and 

the State of New York Guarantee the Payment of 
their Policies. 

OFFICERS: 

ROBERT H. PRUYN, .... President. 
JAMES HENDRICK, . . . Vice President 
LOUIS B. SMITH, Secretary. 

HOME OFFICE, ALBANY, N. Y. 

New York City Office, 139 Broadway, A. Ferguson, Agent 

Utica " W.B.Taylor, ' 

Buffalo " .. .177 Main St., Messrs. Bull & Allen, 

Detroit " Arcade Building, W. Ambridge, 

Chicago " 66 Clark Street, G D Beebe, 

Cincinnati " W.B.French, 

-; St. Louis " Chas. A. Wells & Henn' Ruckert, 

Leavenworth " Joseph Mainzer, 

DuBUQUK " G.J.Waggoner, 

Boston '• 74 Frankhn Street, ].'C Ciapp,' 

New Haven " Chapel & Orange Sts., W. C. Williams, 

Philadelphia, " ..169 S. Sixth St., Huntley & Tharratt, 

[Baltimore " 2 N. Eutaw Street. F. S. Marling, 

Blanks and Explanatory Circulars sent free to all parts 
of the United States, upon a2yplication. 



^tnt Lift tcitiraci^t ©acnptny^ 

Of HAI\TFOI\^D, CONN. 

This old and reliable Company issued 

Over 14,000 JPolicies during the Year 1866, 

and received over 

THREE AND ONE-HALF MILLION DOLLARS INCOME. 

{_E xtract front th^ New York Independent^ 
" Among the substantial and enterprising institutions of Hartford, ConzL, 
the iEtna Life Insurance Company stands prominent." 

{E xtract from the Insurance Monitor^ 
"No Life Insurance Company ever achieved so complete a success as this 

popular institution. Its prosperity is altogether unprecedented in the annals 

of commercial enterprise in this country. 
The ^tna is a Company that can be thoroughly trusted. It is sound, 

prompt, and progressive." 

E. A. BuLKELEY, Pres t. Austin Dunham, Vice PresH. 

T. O. Enders, Sec'y. 

TIOKETS OF INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS ! 

Resulting in Loss of Life or Personal Injury, issued by the 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 

PAiD-yE* OAPBTAL, - - « tSQ)4,ia@. 

JAMES G. BATTERSON, Pres. HENRY T. SPERRY, Sec 

TRAVELERS' RISK TICKETS, 10 cts. per day, 
Assziring $3,000 in case of Death, or $15 per week Compensation. 

GENERAL ACCIDENT OF TRAVEL TICKETS, 20 cts. per day, 

Assur'ing $5,000 in case of Death, or $25 periveck Co77ipensatio7t. 

The "Traveler's Risk," and " General Accident of Travel" Tickets are sold 
at Railroad and Steamboat Ticket Offices. 

DISCOUNT ON TICKETS FOR TWENTY AND THIRTY DAYS. 



REGISTERED SHORT TIME POLICIES OR TICKETS. 25 cts. per day, 

Securing $5 000 in the event of Death or $25 per week Indemnity during total 
Disabilitv, for 26 weeks, from any kind of Accident, without reference to the 
place or manner of occurrence. Sold by Local Insurance Agents. 

During the year ending May 31, 1867, this Company paid on Tickets, in 
cotnpensation or total tosses, $33, ISO S4, for which it received $1-17 70, 

Geo. B. Wright, Vice President. Justin Snow, Gen'l Ticket Agent 
C. D. Palmer," Gen'l Agent. 



7,.^^' THE 

ERIE RAILWAY 

AND ITS BRANCHES. 



DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OF THE CITIES, VILLAGES, 

STATIONS, AND OF SCENERY AND OBJECTS OF 

INTEREST ALONG THE ROUTE. 



By H. F. walling. 



ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS 



^sri ;^i) 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United Statei for the Southern District of New York. 



- 1867 : 
TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 229 BROADWAY, 
New York. 



HERRING'S PATENT CHAMPION 




251 BI\OADWAY, NE^AT YOI\K. 

More than 30,000 Herring's Safes have been sold, and over SOO tested 
in accidental fires. Their recent great triumphs at the Portland Fire, 
Hurning of the Acadenit/ of Music, Harnutn's 3Tuscum,, 

etc , etc., have again and again demonstrated them to be the most reliable 
security from Fire ever manufactured. 

HERRING, FARREL & SHERMAN'S NEW PATENT BANKERS' SAFES. 

The only Safe made with the new metal, Spiegel Eisen, or Patent Crys- 
talized Iron — harder than the finest steel, and will cut glass like a diamond. 

Du'cllinf/-7iouse Safes for Silvei" Plate. Ladies' Jjwelry, Valuable 
Papers, etc.; Plain and Ornamental Sideboard Safes; Pailor Safes— made 
to imitate the richest styles of furniture ; Vault lioors ; Specie Chests. 
Secotni-liand Safes, etc., of other maUes taken in exchange 
for the '* Herring.'' 

HERRING, FARREL, & SHERMAN, N. Y. 
FARREL, HERRING- & CO., Philadelphia. 
HERRING & CO., Chicago. 
HERRING, FARREL & SHERMAN, New Orleans. ' 



CONTENTS 



STATIONS. 



PAGE 

Addison 33 

Adrian 35 

Alden 49 

Alexander 62 

Alfred 35 

Allegany 39 

Allendale 15 

Almond 35 

Andover 37 

Attica 47 

Avoca 55 

Avon 57 

Barton 29 

Basket 23 

Batavia 61 

Bath 53 

Belmont 37 

Belvidere 37 

Big Flats 33 

Binghamton 27 

Bloods 55 

Boiling Spring .... 13 

Buffalo 49 

Burns 43 

Caledonia 61 

Callicoon 23 

Cameron 35 

Cameron Mills 35 

Campbell 53 

Campville 29 

Canaseraga 43 

Canisteo 35 

Carrolton 39 

Castile ., 45 

Cattaraugus 41 

Chemung , 30 

Chester 19 

Chictawauga 49 

Cochecton 23 



PAGE 

Conesus 57 

Cooper s 53 

Corning 33 

Corning 53 

Cuba 39 

Cuba Summit... 39 

Curtis 53 

Dale 47 

Darien 47 

Dayton 41 

Deposit 25 

Dunkirk 41 

Elmira 30 

Erie Railway 7 

Forestville 41 

Friendship 37 

Gainesville Station 45 

Genesee Station 37 

Goshen 19 

Greenwood 16 

Great Bend 27 

Great Valley 41 

Greycourt 17 

Hale's Eddy 25 

Hamilton's 57 

Hampton 19 

Hancock 25 

Hankins 23 

Henrietta 58 

Hinsdale 39 

Hohokus 15 

Hooper 27 

Hornellsville 35 

Hornellsville 43 

Howell's 19 

Hunt's Hollow 43 

Junction 31 

Jersey City 13 

Kanona 55 



PAGE 

Kirkwood 27 

Lackawaxen 23 

Lancaster 49 

Le Roy 61 

Liberty 55 

Linden 47 

Little Valley 41 

Livonia 57 

Lovdville 23 

Mast Hope 23 

Middletown 19 

Monroe 17 

Narrowsburg 23 

Nunda 43 

Olean 39 

Otisville 21 

Owego 29 

Oxford 17 

Painted Post 33 

Painted Post 53 

Passaic 13 

Paterson 13 

Perrysburg 41 

Pierinont • - . 15 

Pond Eddy 21 

Portage 43 

Port Jervis 21 

Ramapo 16 

Ramsey's 15 

Rathboneville 35 

Ridgewood 15 



PAGE 

Rochester 58 

Rush 58 

Salamanca 41 

Savona 53 

Scio 37 

Scottsville 58 

Sloatsburg 16 

Shohola 21 

Smithboro 29 

Smith's Mills 41 

Southfields 16 

South Livonia 57 

Springwater 55 

Stairway Brook 21 

Stafford 61 

Stockport 23 

Suffern 15 

Summit 25 

Susquehanna 25 

Swainville 43 

Tioga Centre 29 

Tip Top Summit 35 

Town Line 49 

Turner's 16 

Union 27 

Wallace's 55 

Warsaw 47 

Waverly 29 

Wayland . . 55 

Wellsburg 30 



MAPS. 



PAGE 

Addison to Andover 34 

Andover to Cuba 36 

Batavia to Lancaster and Attica. . .46 

Bath to Conesu? 52 

Binghamton to Owego 26 

Conesus to Rochester . • • 56 

Cuba to Little Valley 38 

Elmira to Bath and Addison 32 

Hancock to Binghamton 24 

Hornellsville to Portageville 42 



PAGE 

Lancaster to Buff, and Niag. Falls 48 

Little Valley to Dunkirk 40 

Narrowsburg to Hancock 22 

New York to Paterson 12 

Owego to Elmira 28 

Paterson to Turner's 14 

Portageville to Attica 44 

Port Jervis to Narrowsburg 20 

Rochester to Batavia 60 

Turner's to Port Jems 18 



The Erie Railway. 



HISTORY. 

This stupendous work is a grand 
monument to the enterprise, genius, 
and persevering industry of its ener- 
getic and indomitable originators and 
promoters. Extending from New York 
by a nearly direct general course to 
Lake Erie, one of the great chain of in- 
land seas which transport on their broad 
bosoms the commerce of a continent, 
it seems almost a miracle of engineer- 
ing achievement. It traverses sections 
of country where it was pronounced a 
mark of insanity to advocate such a pro- 
ject. It crosses mountain ridges and 
valleys deemed utterly impassable, and 
bridges wild ravines where bold engi- 
neers shook their heads in despair. 
The original charter was granted April, 
1S32. The work was commenced in 
1836, on a section extending ten miles 
west from Piermont ; also between De- 
laware and Callicoon creek, forty-one 
miles. During the financial revulsions 
which soon followed, the work was sus- 
pended for two years. In 1838 a loan 
of the State credit was obtained for 
$3,000,000, in instalments of {^300,000 
each, on condition that equal sums 
should be raised by private subscrip- 
tion. Up to September, 1839, $300,000 
h.id been collected and expended, and 



an equal amount of State bonds, bear- 
ing 4}^ per cent, interest, obtained, 
from the sale of which, however, only 
$245,225 was realized. In 1839 that 
portion of the road extending from 
Piermont to Goshen was all under con- 
tract, and in 1840 the Susquehanna 
division from Binghamton to Hornells- 
ville. In 1840 the terms of the State 
loan were modified so as to allow 
$100,000 of the same to be drawn for 
every $50,000 collected from stock- 
holders, and expended on the road. 
Jnder this arrangement the balance 
of the State loan was made available, 
and the work prosecuted upon the 
Delaware, Susquehanna, and Western 
divisions, in all about 300 miles. In 
September, 1841, the first section of the 
road, from Piermont to Goshen, was 
opened for public use. About this 
time the Company became again in- 
volved in financial embarrassments, 
which resulted in placing the road in 
the hands of assignees, under whose 
management it was extended to Mid- 
dletown, seven miles west of Goslien, 
on the 7th of June, 1843 ; after which 
the work was again suspended. The 
expenses up to February ist, 1844, were 
$4,736,949, a large portion of which 
was expended, however, in usurious 
interest, and in work on routes which 



were afterwards abandoned. At this 
time another vigorous effort was made 
to prosecute the work. The amount 
required to complete the road to Lake 
Erie was estimated at ;f7,ooo,ooo. In 
184s the State agreed to release its 
claim, provided the road should be 
completed to Lake Erie in six years 
from that time. As a further induce- 
ment for additional subscriptions, the 
old stockholders agreed to surrender 
one-half their stock, provided $3,000,- 
000 additional stock should be subscrib- 
ed for. This, with bonds for an equal 
amount, which were to take prece- 
dence of the State loan, was believed 
to be sufficient to complete the road. 
The subscription was obtained, and 
the company reorganized with a debt 
of only $1,361,616; liabilities to the 
amount of $3,807,671 having been re- 
moved. After some delays in establish- 
ing the route and getting permission 
from the State of Pennsylvania to pass 
through- a small portion of her territory 
^for which privilege she receives the 
annual payment of $10,000), the work 
was vigorously prosecuted, and con- 
tinued without interruption till its com- 
pletion to Lake Erie. The several 
sections were opened at the following 
dates, viz., November 3d, 1846, from 
Middletown to Otis, eight miles ; 
January 6th, 1S48, to Port Jervis, 
thirteen miles; December, 1848, to 
Binghamton, one hundred and twenty- 
seven miles ; June ist, 1849, to Owego, 
twenty-two miles; October, 1849, to 
Elmira, thirty-six and a half miles ; 
January ist, 1850, to Coming, seven- 
teen miles ; September 3d, 1850, to 
Hornellsville, forty-one miles ; and on 
April 22d, 1851, the entire line to Dun- 
kirk, four hundred and forty-six miles 
from Piermont. 



BRANCHES AND LEASED 
EOADS. 

In i860 the Erie Company purchas- 
ed that portion of the Northwestern 
Division extending from Hornells- 
ville to Attica, and afterwards leased 
the Buffalo Division, including the 
branch from Avon to Rochester. 

The Newbiirgk Branch, extending 
from Graycourt Junction to Newburgh, 
on the Hudson, nineteen miles, was 
opened in 1850. It affords an outlet to 
tide-water at the latter point for im- 
mense quantities of anthracite coal, 
which is here transshipped to various 
ports of the United States. The Bos- 
ton, Hartford and Erie Railway, when 
completed, will terminate at Fishkill, 
opposite Newburgh, forming a connec- 
tion with Boston, the metropolis of 
New England ; passing through Hart- 
ford and numerous thriving manufac- 
turing villages, with a branch to Provi- 
dence. From these important cities 
railways radiate to every portion of 
New England and the British pro- 
vinces. 

The IVarvjick Valley Road, extend- 
ing southerly from Graycourt to War- 
wick, ten miles, is operated by the 
Company, but not leased. 

The Hawley Branch, extending 
from Lackawaxen Station to Hawley, 
fifteen miles, was constructed in 1862, 
at a cost of about $500,000, and a con- 
tract was entered into with the Penn- 
sylvania Coal Company for the trans- 
portation, annually, of a maximum 
amount of a million tons of coal from 
Hawley to Newburgh, Piermont, and 
Jersey City. The road was provided 
with engines and cars sufficient to 
meet the requirements of a coal traffic 
which amounted last year to about 



yoojooo tons. This branch supplies 
the eastern portion of the road and 
country adjacent with anthracite coal, 
and 

The Bradford Branch furnishes bi- 
tuminous coal to the western portion 
at moderate rates. The Buffalo, Brad- 
ford and Pittsburgh Railroad (Bradford 
Branch) connects at Carrolton, Catta- 
raugus Co., with the Erie Railway, and 
runs south, about twenty-eight miles, 
to the coal mines in McKean Co., Pa. 
It is leased to the Erie Railway Co. 
Bituminous coal is also brought to the 
road at Corning, from the Blossburgh 
mines. 

Between Piennont and New York, 
passengers and freight were conveyed 
by steamboat till 1853. On September 
loth, 1853, three railways, the Union, 
extending from Suffern to the State 
line, in New York, the Paterson a?id 
Rnma/)0, and the Paterson and 
Htidson River in New Jersey, were 
leased in perpetuity to the Erie Co., 
and by passing two miles over the 
New Jersey Railway the steamboat 
transportation ' to and from Pier- 
mont was avoided. Subsequently 
tlie Long Dock Company, of which 
the stock is principally owned by 
the Erie Railway Company, have 
constructed a tunnel and a railway, 
two and a half miles long, connect- 
ing their extensive dock and wharf 
improvements on the Hudson river, in 
Jersey City, opposite New York, with 
the Paterson and Hudson River Rail- 
way, by which the track of the com- 
pany is brought to the harbor of the 
great city directly opposite its busiest 
portion ; and ample depot and wharf 
accommodations are afforded for the 
immense and constantly increasing 
business of the road. 



GENERAL STATISTICS. 

The entire cost of the road up to 
31st December, 1867, has been $48,- 
507,544. There are 348 miles of double 
track on the main line, including sid- 
ings. The length of branches owned 
by the company is 165 miles. The rail 
weighs from fifty-six to seventy five 
pounds per yard. 

The Equip7ncnt of the Erie Rail- 
way, including Buffalo Division, con- 
sists of— 

Locomotive Engines and Ten- 
ders 371 

Passenger Coaches 180 

Emigrant, Baggage, and 

Caboose Cars 454 

Box Freight, Cattle, Milk, 

and Oil Cars 3,023 

Flat Freight Cars 1,332 

Coal Cars 991 

Wood Cars 25 

Total Cars 6,005 

The amount of travel for 1866 was 
equivalent to the carrying of 157,725,- 
808 passengers, one mile each ; and the 
freight to carrying 478,485,772 tons, 
one mile. The rate of fare for through 
travel is about two and a quarter cents 
per mile, for way-travel about two and 
a half cents. The amount of stock is 
$25,111,210 ; funded debt, $22,429,920; 
accounts payable, $4,245,678. 

SCENERY, &c. 

The scenery along the route is emi- 
nently grand and imposing. After 
passing through the picturesque val- 
ley of the Passaic, in Northern New 
Jersey, and the rolling and verdure- 
clad pastures of Rockland and Orange 
counties, where some of the finest dai- 



lies in the world are found, the bold 
and rugged scener}' of the Delaware 
valley engages the attention of the 
traveler for the next one hundred 
miles, to Deposit Station. From here 
we cross the countt}-, surmounting a 
summit, to the Susquehanna valley. 
The valley of this beautiful river and 
its tributaries is then followed to Hor- 
nellsville, affording interesting and pic- 
turesque views of scener}% more par- 
ticularly mentioned in the descriptions 
of the different stations. From Hor- 
nells\-ille, on the main route, we again 
strike across the country, surmounting 
another summit, to the Alleghany Riv- 
er, at Olean, and follow its valley to 
Salamanca ; from thence up the wild 
and rugged one of a tributary stream, 
and over another summit, to the basin 
of Lake Erie, in descending the slope 
of which we catch occasional glimpses 
of that remarkable inland sea. Trav- 
elers upon this road, who are familiar 
with narrow-gauge railways, cannot fail 
to be favorably impressed with the su- 
perior comfort of its wide cars and their 
luxurious appointments. 

CONNECTIONS. 

The connections of this railway are 
important and extensive. At New- 
York, railways, steamboats, and sailing 
vessels diverge, not only to all parts of 
the country, but to every important 
port on the globe. Near the terminus 
in Jerse\' City is the wharf of the Cu- 
nard steamers to Liverpool, and a lit- 
tle above, in Hoboken, are those of 
the Bretmn and Hamburg^ {Germ?i\\) 
lines of steamships. For a full and 
particular account of the various rail- 
ways, steamboat lines, etc., which di- 
verge from New York, see the New 



8 



York City Guide, which accompanies 
this series. 

Besides the branches and leased 
roads, already mentioned, a line is 
now being constructed from Goshen 
to Monigo7nery, ten miles, and from 
3Iiddletown to Union, fifteen miles. 
At Great Bend is tlie junction of the 
Delaware, Lackawanna and West- 
em Railway, which brings large 
quantities of coal from the Wyoming 
and Lackawanna regions for western 
markets. From Binghamton the Sy- 
racuse, Binghainton and Kew York 
Railway extends up the %^eys of 
the Chenango and Tioughnloga riv- 
ers, across the counties of Broome, 
Cortland, and Onondaga, and through 
the flourishing villages of Chenango 
Forks, Cortland, and Homer. The 
Albatiy a?id Binghainto7i Railway, 
now nearly completed, will pass up 
the Susquehanna valley, through por- 
tions of Broome, Chenango, Dela- 
ware and Otsego counties, to Scho- 
harie cotmt>', thence across the coun- 
try to Albany, opening an impor- 
tant region not before reached by 
railway, and affording connections 
with the East and North-east, via Al- 
bany and Troy. From Owego the 
Cayuga division of the Delaware, 
Lackawanna and Western Railway 
extends to Cayuga Lake at Ithaca, 
affording communication by railway 
and steamboat with Tompkins, Cayu- 
ga and Seneca counties. At Elmira is 
the junction of the Northern Central 
Railway, extending southerly across 
the State of Pennsylvania, and through 
the towns of Williamsport, Sunbur}', 
and Harrisburgh, to Baltimore, Md. ; 
and northerly across the counties of 
Schuyler, Yates, and Ontario, to Ca- 
nandaigua, on the New York Central 



Railway, striking Seneca Lake at 
Watkins, and passing through Ha- 
vana and Penn Yan. The Buffalo 
and North-western divisions strike the 
A', y. Ce7itral at various points, but 
do not make close connections. From 
Coming, the Corning and Blossburgh 
Railway extends to the large and pro- 
ductive bituminous coal fields of Tioga 
county, Pennsylvania, affording them 
an outlet. At Salamanca is the junction 
of the Atla7itic and Great Western 
Railway, connecting with the Penn- 



sylvania oil regions, and extending di- 
agonally across the State of Ohio to 
Cincinnati. At Buffalo and Dunkirk 
connections are made by steamers 
with tJte great North-western States 
as far as the copper regions on Lake 
Superior, and by railway with the en- 
tire West afid South-west. The local 
business of the road and its immediate 
branches is large and rapidly increas- 
ing, while it forms besides a principal 
conduit for the commerce of the mighty 
West 



^^ 



13 LAiaHT STREET, New York, 

{Opposite 395 Canal Street). 

"THE GREATEST OF LUXURIES." 

"AS A PURIFIER UNEQUALLED." 
"THE MOST POWERFUL OF REMEDIAL AGENTS." 

Send or apply for the ''TURKISH BATH ADVOCATE. "-Free. 

Gentlemen, 6 to 8 A. M.. and i to 9 P. M. 
Hours : \ Ladies, 10 to 12 A. M. 

Sundav, Gent's, from 6 to 12 A. M. 



Parties can be accommodated with good 

Hygienic Board and Rooms at the Turkish Bath Institute. 

Also with ELECTRIC BATHS, SWEDISH MOVEMENT CURE. &a 



NEW YORK TO PATERSON. 




NEW YORK TO MOUNT VERNON- 



JERSEY CITY, 

Hudson Co., N. J. 
1 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 459 
This city is an important suburb, 
and virtually a part of New York, 
although within the boundaries of 
another State. A large portion of its 
population transact business in New 
Yorlc, but reside across the river 
simply because pleasant and readily 
accessible residences can here be ob- 
tained more easily than by seeking 
for them in uncrowded portions of 
Manhattan Island, now only to be 
reached by going some miles "up 
town." The Bergen tunnel is cut 
through Bergen Heights, the southern 
end of a remarkable ridge of land 
lying parallel to the Hudson river, and 
between it and the great salt marsh 
through which the Hackensack river 
flows into Newark Bay. The eastern 
side of this ridge is a line of precipi- 
tous clitfs called the Palisades, which, 
extending behind Jersey City and 
Hoboken, strike the Hudson river at 
Weehawken, and form its west bank 
for more than twenty miles, nearly to 
Piermont. This tunnel is nearly seven- 
eighths of a mile in length, and was 
completed in 1861. The arrangements 
and precautions for the prevention of 
accidents here are as perfect as human 
care and skill can make them. The 
tunnel is now being encased through- 
out with a solid arch of brickwork. 
Upon the height of land, a few rods 
north of the tunnel, is the resei-voir 
fiom which Jersey City is supplied 
with pure water. This is brought in 
pipes from the Passaic river, and is 
pumped into the reser\'oir by steam- 
power. About a mile beyond the 
tunnel a large oil refinery has recently 
been erected at a place called Pen 



Horn City, on the salt marsh near 
where the railway crosses Cromakill 
creek. Crossing the salt marsh and the 
Hackensack river, in which the tide 
ebbs and flows for some distance 
above, we come to 

BOILING SPRING, 

Uniony Hudson Co., N". J. 
1 w. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 450 
This station is in the township of 
Union, Bergen county. N. J., and is 
of little importance. Two miles further 
the railway crosses the Passaic, a beau- 
tiful fresh-water stream, flowing be- 
tween fine residences all the way to 
Newark, which fronts upon its right 
bank for more than two miles ; the 
river empties into Newark Bay two 
miles below Newark, affording an out- 
let for steamboat navigation between 
Newark and New York. 

PASSAIC, 

Acquacko7i07ick, Passaic Co, iV. % 
1 2 m./r. iV. Y. Fr. Djinkirk, 448 
This station is on the west bank of 
the Passaic river, and just above it 
are the mill sites, etc., of the Dundee 
Manufacturing Company, who have 
formed an extensive water-power here, 
by damming the river some two miles 
above, and leading the water to this 
place by a canal. 

PATERSON, 

Passaic Co., N. J. 
1 7 nufr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 443 

This city, one of the largeft in the 
State, is a beautiful and thriving place. 
It was founded in 1791, under the 
auspices of Alexander Hamilton, for 
the purpose ot carrying on the cotton 
manufacture. Although not immedi- 
ately successftal, the place has becomi 



PATERSON TO TURNER'S 




an important manufacturing city, hav- 
ing an immense water-power, and good 
facilities for communication with the 
great markets. Besides the Erie Rail- 
way, the Morris Canal passes through 
the city. There are more than twenty 
cotton factories here, three large loco- 
motive factories, besides various wool- 
en, paper, and other mills and factories. 
The celebrated Passaic Falls, within 
the limits of the city, present a pic- 
turesque appearance when the river is 
high enough to afford a surplus over 
the requirements of the mills. The 
scenery in the neighborhood of Pater- 
son is quite bold and romantic The 
route now changes from northwest to 
northeast, and again crossing the 
Passaic, we come to 

EIDGEWOOD, 

Franklhi, Bergen Co., N. y. 
22 m./r. JV. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 438 
This was formerly called Godwin- 
ville Station, from a village of that 
name two miles northwest. A new 
village has now grown up, to which the 
above name has been given. 

HOHOKTJS, 

Hohokiis, Bergen Co., JV. y. 
24 nt./r. N: V. Fr. Dunkirk, 436 
This station is near the crossing of 
Hohokus creek, in the southeastern 
part of the township of Hohokus. 

ALLENDALE, 

Hohokus, Bergen Co., N. % 
26 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dzmkirk, 434 
A small station, from which fruit, ber- 
ries, etc., are forwarded in their season, 

RAMSEY'S, 

Hohokus, Bergen Co., N. J. 
28 m./r N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 432 
A post-office village near the centre 



of the township of Hohokus, the last 
station in New Jersey. The country 
gradually becomes hilly as we approach 
the New York State Line, preparing 
us for the mountain scenery which we 
shall find after crossing it. 

SUFFERN, 

Ramapo, Rockiatid Co., N. Y. 
32 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 428 
At Suffern we reach the Erie Rail- 
way proper, having so far travelled 
over roads owned by other companies, 
and operated by the Erie Co. under 
a lease made in 1852, running 999 
years. Before that time the route 
was from New York up the Hud- 
son river by steamboat to Piermont, 
and from thence by rail. The por- 
tion of the road extending from Pier- 
mont to Suffern is now used only for 
freight, with the exception of a small 
amount of local travel. 



SUFFERN TO PIERMONT. 

This portion of the railway is 
eighteen miles in length. The inter- 
mediate stations are Monsey, five 
miles from Suffern ; Spring Valley, 
seven miles ; Clarkestown, nine miles ; 
and Blauveltsville, thirteen miles. 

PIERMONT, 

Orangetown, Rockland Co., N. Y. 
24 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 446 
This place Is beautiflilly situated on 
the west bank of the Hudson, a little 
above the upper end of the Palisades, 
and on the lower end of the widening 
in the river known as I'appan Bay. 
The views in all directions, up, down, 
and across the river, and towards the 
Highlands in the rear, are veiy attrac- 
tive, and Piermont has become a popu- 



lar place of summer residence for many 
of the citizens of New York. Near 
Tarrytown, on the opposite side of the 
river, is the place where Andr^ was 
captured, and the place of his execu- 
tion was at Tappan, the village shown 
on the map a little south-west of Pier- 
mont. An immense pier, one mile in 
length, extends out into the river at the 
terminus of the railway, and large 
freight buildings occupy the end of the 
pier. The workshops and engine- 
houses of the company, in which over 
two hundred men are constantly em- 
ployed, are located on the mainland 
near the river. The company builds 
many locomotives, and most of its own 
cars, at this place and at Susquehanna. 



Returning to Suifem we resume the 
main route. 

The railway now passes through a 
deep valley, or gap, in the range of 
hills which cross this country in a 
southwesterly direction, extending 
from the Highlands of the Hudson 
across into New Jersey, where they 
form the Orange Mountain. A short 
distance beyond Suffern are the re- 
mains of a fortification thrown up in 
the revolutionary war to defend the 
pass from an anticipated advance of 
the British towards New York. 

RAMAPO, 

Ramapo, Rockland Co., N. V. 
34 fn./r. N. V. Fr. Dtmkirk, 426 
The Ramapo Manufacturing Co. 
here carry on an extensive car manu- 
factory, and the Ramapo Wheel and 
Foundry Co. have one of the largest 
manufactories of car-wheels in the 
coimtry. 



SLOATSBURG, 

Ramapo. Rockland Co., N. V. 
36 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dtmkirk, 424 
Named for Major Jacob Sloat, who 
owns the large twine-factories here. 
A very neat and pretty village. A 
stage leaves this station three times a 
week for Greenwood Lake, a fine sheet 
of water much frequented by those 
who enjoy good fishing. There is a 
good hotel on the lake, with all neces- 
sary conveniences for fishermen. A- 
few miles beyond Sloatsburg we pass 
the ruins of the Augusta Iron Works, 
which flourished in the time of the 
revolution. At these works the heavy 
iron cable was forged which was 
stretched across the Hudson to ob- 
struct the passage of the British fleet. 
Soon after leaving this station we cross 
the line of Rockland and pass into 
Orange county. 

SOUTHFIELDS, 

Monroe, Orange Co., N. Y. 
42 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 418 
Formerly called Monroe Iron Works, 
but the works have long been idle. 

GREENWOOD, 

Monroe, Orange Co., N. Y. 
4 4 w«. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk, 416 
A post village containing a blast- 
furnace and some fifteen or twenty 
houses. A little beyond this station a 
branch is being built to extend across 
to the Newburgh Branch, making a 
very direct route from New York to 
Newburgh on the Hudson. 

TURNER'S, 

Monroe, Ora7ige Co., N. Y, 
47 tn./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 413 
Formerly called Centreville, derives 
its name from the proprietor of a 



14 



popular hotel formerly kept nere. This 
is now superseded, however, by the 
" Orange Hotel," belonging to the 
railway company, which is kept on 
a scale of metropolitan grandeur, and 
IS said to be unsurpassed in furni- 
ture and appointments by the best 
New York hotels. It forms the rail- 
way station, and contains a- spacious 
dining-saloon for the especial use 
of railway travellers, where they are 
supplied with meals at the proper 
hours. 

MONROE, 

Moftroe, Orange Co., N. Y. 
50 m.fr. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 410 
A large quantity of milk comes to 
this depot for transportation to New 
York; and the reputation of Orange 
county milk is so good that the name 
is painted upon some of the New York 
milk-carts deriving their supplies from 
questionable sources much nearer 
home. The village is near the north- 
west line of the township of the same 
name. This township was formerly call- 
ed Cheesecocks, then Southfield ; and 
finally, in 1808, the present name 
was adopted. Population, in 1865, 
4,722. The land in this region is 
better adapted for grazing than for 
cultivation, being made up of a suc- 
cession of ridges ranging north-east 
across the Hudson river, where it is 
called the *' Highlands," and south- 
west into New Jersey. 

OXFORD, 

Blooming Grove, Orange Co.. N. Y. 
^Im.fr.N.Y. Fr. Dunkirk,- 408 
A small but thriving village in the 
midst of rich pasture lands. 



GREYCOTJRT, 

Chester, Orange Co., N. Y. 
54 m./r. N. Y, Fr. Dunkirk, 406 

The Newburgh and Warwick 
branches unite with the main road 
at this point. The former is eighteen 
miles long, and affords a communica- 
tion to the Hudson river at Newburgh. 
It follows the valley of Murderer's 
creek, passing Craigville, Blooming 
Grove, Washington, Salisbury, and 
Vail's Gate stations. 

NEWBURGH is situated on a hill- 
side sloping to the Hudson. Popula- 
tion, in 1865, 17,389. It is a thriving 
place, and has important manufacto- 
ries, a large brewery, etc. A large 
portion of the coal mined in the Lacka- 
wanna anthracite coal region of Penn- 
sylvania, amounting to about 1,000,000 
tons per annum, is sent here by the 
Pennsylvania Coal Co. for shipment. 
An old stone mansion in the south 
part of the village was Washington's 
headquarters in revolutionary times, 
and is now owned and kept in order 
at State expense. Many interesting 
relics and mementos are preserved 
here. 

The Warwick Irajich extends ten 
miles, passing East Chester, Sugar 
Loaf, Wickham Lake, and Stone 
Bridge stations to WARWICK, a 
thriving village in the centre of the 
township of that name. Population 
of the township, 5,077. 



Returning to Greycourt we soon cross 
the Greycourt Meadows, a curious peat- 
bog nearly a hundred feet in depth in 
some parts, so soft and yielding that it 
was found necessary to make a foun- 
dation for the railway by driving piles 



IS 



to prevent the earth embankment 
from being swallowed up as fast 
as deposited. The bones of a large 
mastodon were found in this bog 
some years ago. The soil is very 
fertile, having been reclaimed by 
draining, etc., and immense crops of 
onions are raised here. 



CHESTER, 

Chester, Orange Co., N. V. 
SSm./r. N. V. Fr. Dnnkirk, 415 
This is the name of the township 
and of its central village. The rail- 
way runs through East Chester, and 
there is another village called West 
Chester; the three villages being 
arranged in a triangle about a mile 
apart. Greenwood Lake may be 
conveniently reached from this sta- 
tion. 

GOSHEN, 

Goshen. Ora7ige Co., N. Y. 
60 m.fr. N. Y. "Fr. Dtmkirk, 400 
An incorporated town of about 2,000 
inhabitants, celebrated for the associa- 
tion of its name with the choicest 
butter which has been offered in the 
New York market. The dairies in 
this region are undoubtedly among 
the best and most skilfully managed 
in the country. Goshen has been 
much benefited by the location of the 
railroad through it, and its public 
buildings and stores exhibit good taste, 
as well as prosperity. A monument in 
the public square commemorates the 
massacre of a number of the former 
citizens of the town by Brandt, in 1779, 
at the ambuscade of Lackawaxen. A 
branch railway from Goshen to Mont- 
gpmerj', ten miles northerly, is now 
being constructed. 



HAMPTON, 

IVazvayafida, Orange Co., N. Y. 
64 7n./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk. 396 

The Wallkill river, upon the west 
bank of which Hampton is located, 
runs across Orange and Ulster coun- 
ties, and empties into the Hudson 
at Rondout. Its valley is chiefly 
made up of peat-bogs, called " drown- 
ed lands," large portions of which, 
however, are drained, and thus con- 
verted into some of the most fertile 
lands in the State. Bones of the 
mastodon are found in these bogs. 
Hampton has a large hotel, store- 
houses, a woolen mill, and some 
twenty-five or thirty dwellings. A little 
beyond this station is the junction of 
the Middletown, Union ville, and 
Water Gap Railway, now being con- 
structed as far as Unionville, about 
twelve miles in a direction parallel to 
the Wallkill river. 

MIDDLETOWN, 

Wallkill, Orange Co., N. Y. 
67 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dnnkirk, 393 
An important and rapidly growing 
manufacturing place, and the largest 
village in the county, except New- 
burgh. Among the articles manufac- 
tured are stoves and iron-ware, sash 
and blinds, files, agricultural imple- 
ments, etc. Directly in front of the 
station is the Ogden House, a well- 
kept and popular hotel. 

HOWELLS, 

Wallkill, Orange Co., N. Y. 
71 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. D/o:kirk, 389 
Howells Station is a small village 
near the west line of Wallkill township. 
Although the country becomes more 
rolling and hilly, the hills are generally 
cultivated to their summits. 



OTISVILLE, 

Mou7it Hope, Oratige Co., N. Y. 
76 m.fr. N. v. Fr. Dunkirk, 384 

This is the last of the milk-depots, 
and is on the eastern side of the Sha- 
wangunk Ridge,' one of the greatest 
obstacles which were overcome in 
building the Erie Railway. A long 
tunnel through the ridge was first pro- 
posed, but, after thorough examination, 
the present plan was adopted Passing 
through a long and heavy rock-cut, the 
summit is passed about two miles be- 
yond Otisville, and then the valley 
below is reached by gradually descend- 
ing the steep and rugged slope of 
the Shawangunk mountain, in a 
southerly direction, on a grade of 
about forty-five feet to a mile. The 
character of the scenery changes won- 
derfully after leaving Otisville. We 
pass alternately through gloomy cuts, 
and then over side-hill embankments, 
commanding magnificent views of the 
romantic valley of the Neversink, tra- 
versed by the Delaware and Hudson 
Canal, and dotted with farm-houses 
and villages. 

PORT JERVIS, 

Dcerpark, Orang-e Co., N. Y. 
89 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk, 371 

At the junction of the Neversink 
river with the Delaware, is the corner 
boundary between New York, New 
Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Port Jervis 
is a short distance north of this place, 
and is the terminal station of the 
eastern division of the railway. It is 
named after John B. Jervis, Esq., 
the skilful engineer of the Dela- 
ware and Hudson Canal. This canal 
is one of the great avenues by which 
the anthracite coal of Pennsylvania 
reaches tide-water, and it comes down 



the valley of the Neversink to the 
Delaware at this point. Port Jervis is 
a pleasant place of summer resort for 
people who are fond of beautiful scen- 
ery. Three miles beyond, we cross the 
Delaware river over a wooden bridge 
8oo feet in length. For twenty-six miles 
after we shall be in the State of Penn- 
sylvania. The company pays to the 
Quaker State the annual sum of ten 
thousand dollars for the privilege of 
running their road on this side of the 
river, but are thereby exempted from 
further taxation. 

STAIRWAY BROOK, 

West/all, Pike Co., Pa. 
97 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 363 

POND EDDY, 

Shohola, Pike Co., Pa. 
1 00 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk. 3 60 
The name of a point in the river 
where a sudden bend forms a wide and 
deep basin. The road runs for a long 
distance along the steep and rugged 
bank of the Delaware, high up the side 
of the precipice. The view, though per- 
haps trying to the nerves of a timorous 
man, especially when flying along on 
the lightning express train, is grand and 
imposing. This portion of the road 
was extremely difficult and expensive 
to build, being cut in the solid rock. 
It was frequently necessary, in making 
the surveys, to lower the engineers and 
their assistants fi-om above, and, sus- 
pending them with ropes, to prevent 
them fi-om falling. Leaving the Dela- 
ware on the right, and crossing the 
Shohola creek, we reach 

SHOHOLA, 

Shohola, Pike Co., Pa. 
107 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk. 353 
Opposite to this station is the village 



NARROWSBURGH TO HANCOCK. 




of Barryville, in Sullivan county, New and one mile wide, here stretches along 



York, supported principally by the coal 
and lumber trade. 

LACKAWAXEN, 

Lacka-waxen, Pike Co., Pa. 
Ill 7}t. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk, 349 
At the junction of Lackawaxen 
creek and the Delaware river. The 
Delaware and Hudson Canal comes 
down the valley of the Lackawaxen 
creek, and crosses the Delaware river 
in an aqueduct supported by a wire 
suspension bridge. There are two 
bridges for the railway over the 
Lackawaxen river and valley. The 
Hawley Branch here unites with the 
Erie Railway, bringing in the immense 
quantities of anthracite coal which are 
mined and forwarded by the Pennsyl- 
vania Coal Co. A double track ex- 
tends all the way from here to New 
York. 

MAST HOPE, 

Lackawaxen, Pike Co., Pa. 
116 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dtiiikirk, 344 
A small, unimportant station, two 
miles beyond which the railway re- 
crosses the Delaware over a wooden 
bridge about 6oo feet long. 

NARHOWSBTJRG, 

Tusten, Sullivan Co., N. Y. 
122 m./r.JV. Y. Fr. Dimkirk, 338 
So called from the narrow gorge 
through which the river passes at this 
place. A wooden bridge connects the 
two banks by a single span of 184 feet. 
A pretty village, and quite popular as 
a summer residence. 

COCHECTON, 

Cochectofi, Snllivan Co., N. Y. 

131 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 329 

A rich valley, about two miles long 



the river, abounding in orchards, grain 
fields, and meadows. On the other 
side of the river, in Pennsylvania, is the 
village of Damascus. In this locality 
is laid the scene of Cooper's novel, 
" The Last of the Mohicans." 

CALLICOON, 

Cochecton, Sullivan Co., N. Y. 
136 m./r. N. Y. Fr Dunkirk, 324 
Crossing Callicoon creek we come to 
the station of the same name, intro- 
ducing us to a wild and thinly settled 
region, of which leather is the principal 
production. 

HANKINS, 

Fremont, Sullivan Co., JV. Y. 
143 ;«. /r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 317 
A small unimportant station near the 
line of Sullivan county. 

BASKET, 

Fremont, Sullivan Co., N. Y. 

147 m. /r. JV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 313 

A small village at the mouth of 

Basket creek. Also known as Long 

Eddy. 

LORDVILLE, 

Hattcock, Delaware Co., IV. Y. 
154 171. /r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 3 06 

Formerly called Equinunk Station, 
from the pretty village of that name on 
the opposite side of the river in Penn- 
sylvania. 

STOCKPORT, 

Hancock, Delaware Co., N. Y. 
159 m./r.JV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 301 

The village of Stockport is across the 
river in Pennsylvania. Four miles 
beyond here we cross the east branch 
of the Delaware, which unites with the 
main branch a little below. 



HANCOCK, 

Hancock, Delaware Co., JV. V. 
1 64 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dtinkirk, 296 
A pretty, romantic village, shut in 
between the mountains, but increas- 
ing in importance, owing to its being 
tlie railroad outlet for the entire valley 
of the East Delaware Branch. Stages 
leave this station for Hamden, Delhi, 
and Franklin. 

HALE'S EDDY, 

To7)ipki>is, Delaware Co., N. Y. 
172 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Djifikirk, 288 

DEPOSIT, 

San/ord, Broome Co., N. Y., and 

Tompkins, Delaware Co., JV. Y. 
177 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dimkirk, 283 
This is the centre of a large lumber- 
ing business, and is situated partly in 
Delaware and partly in Broome county. 
A double track has been laid from 
here to Painted Post, ii6 miles. 
One mile west of this point we cross 
the Oquago creek, and, leaving the 
basin of the Delaware, commence on a 
heavy ascending grade to surmount the 
dividing ridge between this basin and 
that of the Susquehanna. A daily line 
of stages connects with Nineveh on the 
Albany and Susquehanna Railway. 
Passing about eight miles through wild 
and rugged scenery, with occasional 
magnificent views, we come to the 

SUMMIT, 

San ford, Broome Co., N. Y. 
185 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 275 
This station is 1,366 feet above the 
level of the sea. Deposit being 997 feet 
above, a difference of 369 feet in 
eight miles. It is a wild and desolate 
place. From this point the road 
descends on a grade of sixty feet per 
mile for about eight miles. About 



four miles from the summit we come to 
the Cascade Bridge, a beautiful and 

wonderful structure, spanning a ravine 
250 feet wide, and 184 feet deep. A 
very inadequate idea of its magnitude 
can be fonned while passing over it in 
the cars ; but from the valley below the 
view is truly magnificent. The bridge 
is constructed of wood and iron, and 
though very strong and solid, arches 
between the natural abutments of solid 
rock in a light and graceful manner. 
It was constructed under the direction 
of John Fowler. Shortly after leaving 
this bridge we arrive at the Starucca 
Viaduct. This is a little beyond the 
State line in Pennsylvania. It is a 
magnificent and costly structure, 1,200 
feet in length, and no feet in height. 
There are eighteen arches. Like the 
Cascade Bridge, it should be viewed 
from below to obtain a full idea of its 
grandeur and extent. By stopping 
over one train at the next station, Sus- 
quehanna, this may easily be accom- 
plished. The village of Lanesborough 
is passed, a little beyond the viaduct, 
on a trestle bridge, some seventy feet 
above the Caneawacte creek. 

SUSQUEHANNA, 

Oakland, Stisqtiehanna Co., Pa. 
193 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunk irk, ■^0,1 

This place, formerly called Har- 
mony, has been built up by the esta- 
blishment here of repair-shops and 
engine-houses, belonging to the rail- 
way company, in which over 200 men 
are employed. Meals are supplied to 
travellers at the spacious dining-saloon 
at the station. The road now follows 
the valley of the Susquehanna, crossing 
it on a wooden bridge, 800 feet long, half 
a mile beyond the station. The grades 
are now very light, not exceedmg five 



feet per mile, on the entire Susquehan- 
na section extending to Hornellsville. 

GREAT BEND, 

Great Bend, S2isqitehan7ia Co., Pa. 
201 m.fr. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 259 
The junction of the Delaware, Lacka- 
wanna and Western Railroad, which 
passes through the Wyoming coal- 
region of Pennsylvania, and connects 
with the New Jersey Central Railroad, 
running to New York. An immense 
traffic in anthracite coal is carried on 
by the company owning this road, as 
they own many very extensive col- 
lieries in the great anthracite coal 
fields of Luzerne county, Pa., and, 
besides conveying coal to the market, 
carry on the business of mining on a 
very extensive scale. Besides sending 
vast quantities to New York, its con- 
nection with the Erie Railway enables 
it to supply the Western market to a 
very considerable extent. The village 
of Great Bend, on the opposite side of 
the river from the station, is connected 
with abridge for ordinary travel besides 
the D. L. & W. Railroad bridge. 
Running four miles northwesterly from 
Great Bend, we cross into New-York 
State once more, and the railway does 
not again leave it. 

KIRKWOOD, 

Kirkwood, Broojiie Co., N. Y. 
206 vt.fr. N. Y. Fr.Dic7ikirk. 254 
Named after the former able Super- 
intendent of the road. Near this place 
is the birthplace of the celebrated Joe 
Smith, the great original prophet of the 
Mormon religion. 

BINGHAMTON, 

Broome Co., N. Y. 
ZlQm./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 244 
This beautifiil city, incorporated in 



1867, is delightfully situated at the 
junction of the Chenango and Susque- 
hanna rivers. The Syracuse, Bing- 
hamton and New York Railroad, and 
the Chenango Canal, terminate here ; 
and the Albany and Susquehanna Rail- 
road, now nearly completed, will soon 
connect this place with the capital of 
the State, opening up a richly settled 
country hitherto unsupplied with rail- 
way facilities. The State Inebriate 
Asylum is located here, two and a 
half miles east of the city, north of the 
railway, on the crest of a hill com- 
manding a magnificent view of the 
Susquehanna valley, the city, and sur- 
rounding country. It is 365 feet long, 
and 82 feet wide, and is built of stone 
and brick in the castellated Gothic 
style of architecture. Its grounds 
occupy about 400 acres. The popu- 
lar water-cure of Dr. Thayer is located 
on the top of Mount Prospect Hill ; 
and there are several male and female 
academies, a commercial college, nine 
churches, five newspaper offices, and 
several manufactories. Anthracite coal 
is brought here in large quantities, 
and the Chenango canal-boats receive 
much of it in exchange for iron ore, 
which goes to the furnaces in Penn- 
sylvania. Binghamton is noted for its 
remarkable salubrity. 

HOOPER, 

Uiiion, Broovie Co., N. Y. 
221 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 239 
A small village at the mouth of Pat- 
terson creek. 

UNION, 

Unio7i, Broome Co., N. Y. 

223 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 237 

A flourishing village in the township 

of the same name, about half a mile 

ft-ora the Susquehanna river. The 



25 



beautiful intervale meadows in this 
vicinity, extending for some distance 
along the river, are very fertile, and 
even the hills are cultivated to their 
summits. Crossing Nanticoke creek, 
we make a bold sweep towards the 
north, and pass the manufacturing vil- 
lage of Apalachin on the other side of 
the river. 

CAMPVILLE, 

Owe go, Tioga Co., N. Y. 
230 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 230 
Campville is a small \dllage just half- 
way between New York and Dunkirk, 
and has cattle-yards, etc., where ani- 
mals, on their way to the New York 
market, are taken out to be fed and 
watered. 

OWEGO, 

Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y. 
I^lm.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 223 
This is the county seat of Tioga 
county, and is finely situated at the 
junction of Owego creek and the 
Susquehanna river. It is the centre 
of a large agricultural district, and 
is rapidly increasing in importance. 
There are seven churches, two banks, 
two newspaper offices, an academy, a 
female seminary, and several manufac- 
tories of steam engines and boilers, 
machines, sash and blinds, silver- 
ware, leather, flour, plaster, etc. The 
Cayuga division of the Delaware, 
Lackawanna and Western Railroad 
extends from Owego to Ithaca on 
Cayuga Lake. Beautiful drives are 
numerous about Owego in all direc- 
tions. A bridge connects the two 
banks of the Susquehanna. On the 
Owego creek, in the western part of 
the village, is " Glen Mary,'''' the 
former residence of the late N. P. 



Willis. Here he wrote his charming 
" Letters from under a Bridge." 

TIOGA CENTRE, 

Tioga, Tioga Co., N. Y. 
242 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 218 
A small station at the mouth of 
Catatunk creek. Here are several 
mills and about sixty dwellings. 

SMITHBORO', 

Tioga, Tioga Co., N. Y. 
246 m./r. JV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 214 
A village in Tioga township, con- 
taining about 250 inhabitants. A 
bridge crosses the Susquehanna here, 

BARTON, 

Barton, Tioga Co., N. Y. 
249 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 211 
This is a thriving and prettily situ- 
ated village in the south-east corner of 
the township of the same name. The 
Susquehanna here bends towards the 
south and soon passes into Pennsyl- 
vania, across which it winds its way 
into Maryland, where it empties into 
the Chesapeake Bay. We now cross 
an intervale meadow and the Cayuta 
creek on a high embankment and 
bridge, passing the village of Factory- 
ville, which lies a little over a mile 
north of the railway. 

WAVERLY, 

Barion, Tioga Co., JV. Y. 
loQm./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 204 
This is an incorporated village in the 
south-west part of Barton township, 
very near the line of Pennsylvania, and 
near that of Chemung county. It has 
about 1,100 inhabitants, and is rapidly 
increasing. It contains an academj', 
five churches, and several manufac- 
tories. Near the station is Spanish 



27 



Hill, the scene of an incident con- 
nected with the massacre of Wyoming. 
Three of the prisoners, who were being 
carried away by six Indians, rose in the 
night and, slaying five of their captors, 
escaped unharmed. Tioga Point, ly- 
ing south of Waverly, is a tongue of 
land between the Susquehanna and 
Chemung rivers, which unite below it. 
It has some historical interest, as it 
was the rendezvous of the British and 
Indians before they ravaged the Wyo- 
ming Valley, and of the American 
forces under Sullivan and Clinton in 
1779 when in pursuit of Brandt, after 
the massacre at Lacka waxen. After 
leaving Waverly we pass up the valley 
of the Chemung river, crossing Dry 
Brook and Wynkoop creek to 

CHEMTJNG, 

CJiejnuttg, Cheiimng Co., N. V. 
260 in./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 200 

Formerly called Brockville, in the 
southern part of Chemung township. 
The region about here was formerly a 
great lumbering country, but owing to 
the clearing off of large tracts, cattle- 
raising, wool-growing, and other agri- 
cultural pursuits, have in some measure 
superseded the lumber business. We 
now cross the Chemung river, and 
passing through half a mile of heavy 
rock-cutting on the south bank of the 
river, we come to 

WELLSBURG, 

Soitthport, Chcmiuig Co., N. Y. 
2GGm./r.iV. v. Fr. Dwikirh, 194 

This is a manufacturing village in the 
south-east part of the township ; popu- 
lation about 400. After leaving it we 
same into a fertile agricultural region. 
In this valley Gen. Sullivan and his 
army encamped in 1779, and threw up 



28 



a breastwork while on their march in 
pursuit of the British and Indians. An 
encounter took place August 29th, in 
which, after an obstinate conflict of two 
hours, the enemy were completely rout- 
ed and dispersed. A few years after the 
region was gradually occupied by the 
soldiers who had accompanied Sulli- 
van, and by others from Pennsylvania. 
Leaving Wellsburg, the railway bends 
northward, and we follow up the 
Chemung valley for seven miles, which 
bring us to the junction of the Wil- 
liamsport and Elmira Railway. We 
then cross the Chemung river by a 
covered wooden bridge, and find our- 
selves in 

ELMIRA, 

Chemimo; Co., N. V. 
27"? m./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 187 
This is one of those cities whose 
growth seems almost like magic, 
having grown up almost entirely 
within the last thirty years. The 
first settlement was made by Capt. 
John Hendy and Christian Loup in 
1788. An incident which happened 
about that time illustrates the hard- 
ships encountered by the early settlers 
and their power of endurance. While 
Capt. Hendy was engaged in erecting 
his first rude log-hut for shelter near 
the Indian pathway leading from 
Wilkes-Barre to Canada, a man on 
horseback, with a child in a basket 
hung on each side, followed by his 
wife and household goods on another 
horse, came up and inquired anxiously 
for a doctor for his wife, who had sus- 
tained some injury by the stumbling 
of the horse. Of course none was to 
be had, and the family obtained such 
shelter for the night as the adjacent 
forest afforded. In the morning the 



husband reported his wife " as well as 
could be expected," and, on resuming 
their journey after a rest of two days, 
another basket was in requisition for 
the accommodation of a third child. 
The township of Elmira, originally 
called Newton, was set off from Che- 
mung in 1792. The village was then- 
called Dewittsburgh. The present 
name was given in 182S in compli- 
ment to the wife of one of the pioneer 
settlers. Newton creek, which forms 
the eastern boundary of the city, 
affords abundant water-power, which 
is occupied by various mills and manu- 
factories. Railroads extend in the di- 
rections of the four cardinal points of the 
compass. North to Canandaigua, east 
to New York, south to Baltimore, and 
west to Buffalo, Dunkirk, and the fer- 
tile prairies of the Mississippi valley. 
The Chemung canal, constructed in 
1830, affords a convenient avenue for 
lumber, coal, flour, grain, etc. It ex- 
tends from Seneca Lake to the Che- 
mung river at this place, connecting 
the chain of water navigation in this 
State with the Susquehanna river and 
canal, through Pennsylvania to Balti- 
more. The city is situated in a broad 
fertile valley. Immense quantities of 
coal are conveyed through it from the 
Pennsylvania coal mines. It is hand- 
somely laid out; and contains, be- 
sides the county buildings, thirteen 
churches, a female college capable 
of accommodating 300 pupils, several 
other educational institutions, five 
banks, a savings institution, four ho- 
tels, about three hundred stores, and 
a large number of warehouses. It sup- 
ports two daily and two weekly news- 
papers. The manufactories are quite 
extensive ; there are two rolling-mills. 



four manufactories of boots and shoes, 
one of pianos, and an oil-refinery. 
The country around is abundantly 
productive, and everything indicates 
the continuance in growth of this 
finely located city. Remains of old 
fortifications are seen around its 
borders, and a spirited engagement 
took place here in 1779 between our 
forces under Gen. Sullivan and the 
British and Indians, whom they had 
pursued up the Chemung from Tioga 
Point. The latter were entirely routed 
with great slaughter, and fled tov.'ards 
Seneca Lake. Sullivan then encamp- 
ed at Horse Heads, a few miles north 
of Elmira. Having killed a number 
of old and worthless horses here, the 
Indians afterwards piled up the sculls 
on each side of the road, from which 
circumstance the place derives its 
name. Two miles east of Elmira a 
very ancient embankment, resembling 
a fortification, still remains, upon which 
large and very old trees were found 
growing by the first settlers of the 
country. Going northerly, about five 
miles from Elmira, we arrive at the 

JUNCTION, 

Horse Heads, Chemung Co., N. Y. 
2T8 m. fr. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 182 
The Elmira and Canandaigua Rail- 
way diverges here. It is now the 
northern division of the Northern 
Central Railway extending from Bal- 
timore to Canandaigua. This is a 
broad-gauge road, and in connection 
with the New York and Erie makes a 
very direct and pleasant route from 
New York to the central and western 
counties of the State. We now turn 
again towards the west, and, running 
along south of, and parallel to the 
navigable feeder to the Chemung 



29 



canal approach the line of Steuben 
county. 

BIG FLATS, 

Big Flats, Chemimg Co., N. V. 
2S 4: m./r. jV. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 176 

A small station in the township of 
the same name, near the line of Steu- 
ben county. Population of the town- 
ship, i,8oi. About four miles further 
west we cross to the- south side of the 
Chemung river. 

CORNING, 

Corning, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
291 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 1 69 
Corning, originally called Painted 
Post, is a city, and one of the two 
county seats of Steuben county, Bath 
being the other. Its present name 
was given in 1852 in honor of Hon. 
Erastus Corning, of Albany. It is a 
large and rapidly growing place, and is 
pleasantly located. A high hill in its 
rear affords charming views of the 
surrounding scenery. The castellated 
building on the hill south of, and in 
sight from, the railway is the State 
Arsenal. The Buffalo division of the 
Erie Railway diverges from the main 
road here and extends to Buffalo. The 
Chemung Canal, extending to Elmira, 
and from thence northerly to Seneca 
Lake at Watkins, terminates at this 
place, and the Corning and Blossburg 
Railway opens a communication to 
one of the finest beds of bituminous 
coal in Pennsylvania, which thus finds 
a ready market in Western New York. 
A disastrous fire destroyed a large por- 
tion of the business part of the place in 
1850, but it was promptly rebuilt, and 
has since rapidly increased in size and 
importance. There are five churches, 
two banks, several mills and manufac- 



turing establishments, and two news- 
paper offices. Centreville, Knoxville, 
and Gibson, are small villages on the 
opposite side of the river. Population 
in 1865, 6,734. 

PAINTED POST, 

Erwin, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
293 tn./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 1G7 
This is the oldest settlement in this 
part of the county, and derives its 
name from a monument said to have 
been erected in 1779, by the river-side, 
over the grave ofthe Indian chief, Capt. 
Montour, son of Queen Catharine. 
The monument erected by the com- 
panions of this brave and noted chief- 
tain was a wooden post upon which 
were painted various Indian devices. 
A painted wooden pole in the public 
square of the village preserves the 
tradition. The route of the Buffalo 
Division, which has been running side 
by side with the main route from 
Corning, here diverges towards the 
north, following the valley of Conhoc- 
ton river, while the main route, crossing 
tlie Conhocton near its junction with 
the Canisteo river, follows up the valley 
of the latter. These two rivers unite at 
Painted Post, forming the Chemung. 

ADDISON, 

Addison, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
3 02 VI. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 158 
An important and growing village in 
the township of the same name, on the 
north bank ofthe Canisteo river, at the 
junction of Tuscarora creek. The ori- 
ginal name, given by the early settlers, 
was Tuscarora ; but it was changed' to 
Addison in honor ofthe English author 
of that name. It has three churches, 
a bank, and several mill and manufac- 
turing establishments. Population, 



31 



about 1,300. The valley now be- 
comes narrow, and the hills steep. 

KATHBONEVILLE, 

Rathbo7ie, Steuben Co., N. V. 
307 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk^ 153 
Has one church, a flouring-mill, and 
thirty-three dwellings. The adjacent 
country is hilly and rugged. 

CAMERON MILLS, 

Rathhone, Steuben Co., N. V. 
312 7n. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 148 
A small village. 

CAMERON, 

Catneroti, Steuben Co., JV. Y. 
315 m./r. JV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 145 
A village in a deep wild valley, fre- 
quented by ."sportsmen who hunt the 
deer in winter. 

ADRIAN, 

Caiiisteo, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
323 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 137 
Formerly called Crosbyville ; con- 
tains one church, and twenty dwellings. 

CANISTEO, 

Caftisteo, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
328 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 132 
The village is on the south side of the 
river, nearly half a mile from the sta- 
tion. The valley widens soon after 
leaving the station. 

HORNELLSVILLE, 
332 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 128 
A large and rapidly growing place. 
Population in 1865, 5,338. The sta- 
tion contains a spacious dining-saloon 
where meals are served to travellers at 
the regular hours. The North-western 
Division of tlie Erie Railway diverges 
here, extending to Buffalo via Warsaw 



and Attica. (For a description of this 
branch see page 43.) We now leave the 
valley of the Canisteo river, which we 
have been following up in a north- 
westerly direction, and, bending around 
towards the south up tire Whitney val- 
ley, we commence upon an ascending 
grade of about fifty feet to a mile. Just 
after crossing the line of Allegany 
county, we reach 

ALMOND, 

Almond, AUe^cDiy Co., N. Y. 
3377n.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 123 
A manufacturing village of about 
1000 inhabitants in the eastern part of 
the township of the same name. There 
are two churches, two flouring-mills, 
and several manufactories. A fine 
water-power is afforded by the Karr, 
McHenry, and Whitney creeks, which, 
uniting here, form the Canacadea 
creek. 

ALFRED, 

Alfred, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
341 77i.fr. N. Y. Fr D^mkirk, 119 
Also known as Baker's Bridge, in 
the eastern part of Alfred township; 
has a church and a flouring-mill, and 
134 inhabitants. At Alfred Centre, 
two miles south-west, is a flourish- 
ing academy. After leaving this place, 
and the Whitney" valley, we cross a 
small tributary stream and follow up 
its valley. Then, passing through a 
deep rock-cutting, still ascending the 
heavy grade which commenced near 
Hornellsville, we attain the 

TIP TOP SUMMIT, 

Alfred, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
345 «/. fr. AT. Y. Fr. Dzmkirk, 115 
This station is 1,760 feet above tide- 
water, and is, as its name indicates, the 
highest point on the entire route. 



•rp"^--T.-r'' 







After leaving it we descend on a grade 
of about forty feet to a mile, still main- 
taining a southerly direction. 

ANDOVER, 

Andover, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
3 5 O /«. fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 110 
Has four churches, a grist and saw 
mill, and 374 inhabitants. It is located 
on Dike creek, a tributary of the 
Genesee river. The railway crosses 
the creek several times in descending 
its valley. 

GENESEE STA., 
• Welhville, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
358 ;«. >. M: Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 102 
The name of the incorporated village 
here is Wellsville, an important and 
rapidly growing place, at the highest 
part of the Genesee valley reached by 
the railway. Dike's and Chenunda 
creeks here unite with the Genesee 
river. The valleys are very deep and 
their sides precipitous. The bottom- 
lands, however, are fertile, and the 
farms valuable. The trade of a large 
region of country, extending into 
Potter county. Pa., centres here, this 
being the nearest railway station, and 
accessible by the deep valleys of 
streams flowing into the Genesee. 
There are four churches, two flouring 
and three saw-mills. Two weekly 
newspapers are published. The post- 
ofiSce name is Wellsville. Population 
of the township, 3,070. The route 
now changes abruptly to the north- 
west, following down the Genesee 
valley. 

SCIO, 

Scio, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
362M./r. jV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 98 
Has a church, several mills, and 



about SCO inhabitants. The country 
here is very uneven, the hills rising 
steeply to a height of from 700 to 1,000 
feet above the valleys. 

BELMONT, 

Amity, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
366 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dutikirk, 94 

Formerly called Phillipsville, an in- 
corporated village, and the half-shire 
of the county, is situated at the 
junction of Phillip's creek with the 
Genesee river. The railway now 
crosses to the west side of the river. 
Population of the township in 1865, 
2,073. • 

BELVIDERE, 

Amity, Allegany Co., N. Y. 

370 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Djinkirk, 90 

A village in the north-west part of 
Amity township, near the junction of 
Van Campen's creek with the Genesee 
river, and about four miles above the 
mouth of Angelica creek. Angelica, 
one of the shire-towns of Allegany 
county, is situated about two miles up 
this creek. Population, 1,663. Belvi- 
dere, being the lowest point of the 
Genesee valley reached by the Erie 
Railway, has become the outlet for the 
business of that portion of the valley 
and the surrounding country, which 
has no nearer railway facilities. The 
direction of the route now changes 
again to the extent of about a right 
angle towards the south-west, and 
leaving the Genesee valley, follows 
up that of Van Campen's creek, on the 
north side of the creek, the grade 
ascending about thirty feet to a mile. 

FRIENDSHIP, 

Friendship, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
374 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 8 6 
This villlage lies between the rail- 



way and the creek. It contains nume- 
rous saw-mills, two flouring-mills, four 
churches, an academy, etc. Popula- 
tion, about 800. Still ascending the 
valley we come to 

CUBA SUMMIT, 

Cuba, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
378 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 72 
Is 1,677 feet above tide-water. We 
now pass over the Allegany ridge or 
watershed, on the eastern side of which 
the rain, after reaching the ground, 
finds its way by rills, rivulets, streams, 
and rivers into the great lakes, and so 
down the St. Lawrence to the Atlantic 
Ocean ; while on the other side, only a 
few rods further west, its destiny is far 
different. Here it becomes tributary 
to the Allegany river, and passing 
I down its winding current and that of 
the Ohio and Mississippi, is lost in the 
Gulf of Mexico. Descending on this 
slope down a tributary of Oil creek we 
arrive at 

CUBA, 

Cuba, Allegafty Co., N. Y. 
383 ;«.//-. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 77 
This enterprising and flourishing 
village is near the west line of Alle- 
gany county. It contains five churches, 
and several mills and manufactories. 
^Population of the township, about 
2,000. Cattaraugus county, into which 
we pass next, is an elevated and uneven 
county, chiefly devoted to grazing in 
those portions where the original tim- 
ber has been removed. The Genesee 
Valley Canal continues by the side of 
the railway fi-om Cuba to Olean. 

HINSDALE, 

Hinsdale, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. 
390 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dimkirk, 70 
Is located at the junction of Ischua 



and Oil creek. The route continues 
down Oil creek, crossing it before it 
reaches its junction with the Allegany. 
This is not the celebrated Oil creek of 
Pennsylvania where the great petro- 
leum-wells are found. It derives its 
name, however, from the so-called 
Seneca oil which was formerly col- 
lected there by the Indians. 

OLEAN, 

Olean, Cattaraugus Co., N'. Y. 
395 in./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 65 
The name Olean has an obvious 
connection with that of the creek, and 
in fact was derived from it. It is an 
incorporated village, rapidly increas- 
ing in importance, and contains six 
churches, an academy, flouring and 
saw-mills, etc. It is at the junction of 
Oil creek and the Allegany river. 
Population, 2,071. A railroad is con- 
templated to extend into the Pennsyl- 
vania coal regions, and the Genesee 
Valley canal is to be extended in the 
same direction. 

ALLEGANY, 

Allegany, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
399 m/r. TV. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 61 
At the junction of Five Mile Creek 
with the Allegany river. Four miles 
from this station we come into the 
Indian Reservation, which lies along 
the river, half a mile wide on each side, 
and thirty miles in length. This land 
belongs to the Seneca tribe of Indians, 
and cannot be sold. 

CARROLTON, 

Carrolton, Catiaraugits Co., N". Y. 
408 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 52 
This is the junction of the Bradford 
branch railway, extending up the valley 
of the Tunegawant creek to the exten- 
sive coal-fields of McKean co., Pa. 



GREAT VALLEY, 

Great Valley, Cattaraugus Co., N. V. 
411 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dunkirk, 49 
At the junction of Great Valley Creek 
with the Allegany river. The valley 
which gives its name to the creek is a 
source of considerable trade to this sta- 
tion. Ellicottville, the county seat of 
Cattaraugus county, is about ten miles 
up tlie creek. 

SALAMANCA, 

Salamanca, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. 
415 m.Jr. N. V. Fr. Djmkirk, 45 
Situated at the junction of the Little 
Valley creek with the Allegany river. 
It is the initial point of the Atlantic and 
Great Western Railway, extending 
through Pennsylvania and Ohio, to 
Cincinnati. It is an uninviting-look- 
ing place, built on low wet land, and 
» most of the houses are mere rough 
board shanties. Since the land can 
only be leased from the Indians, build- 
ers are not disposed to construct very 
costly improvements. The Erie Rail- 
way now turns northwardly up the Lit- 
tle Valley creek, while the Atlantic and 
Great Western Railway follows down 
the Allegany river. Passing the small 
village of Little Valley Creek, on the 
opposite side of the river, we come to 

LITTLE VALLEY, 

Little Valley, Cattaraugus Co., N. V. 
\ 421 m./r. N. V. Fr. Dtmkirk, 39 
In the north-west comer of the town- 
ship. Soon after leaving it we again 
cross the Allegany water-crest and 
strike a tributary of Cattaraugus creek, 
flowing into Lake Erie. 

CATTARAUGUS, 

New Albion, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. 

428 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dimkirk. 32 

An important village on the side- hill 



39 



forming the west slope of the valley of 
the south branch of Cattaraugus creek. 
Following along the side of this valley 
for about four miles, we turn from it 
towards the west, and traverse across 
streams and valleys the rest of the way 
to Dunkirk. 

DAYTON, 

Dayton, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. 
438 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dtmkirk, 22 

This station is 1,595 feet above the 
level of the sea, and 1,015 above the 
lake at Dunkirk. From here the grade 
descends all the way to the lake. 

PERRYSBURG, 

Perryshirg, Cattaraugjcs Co., N. Y. 
441 m./r.N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk. 19 
Has a church and twenty-three 
dwellings. Versailles, five miles north, 
and Gowanda, four miles east, are im- 
portant villages. Soon after leaving it 
we come in sight of one of those won- 
derful bodies of fresh water, the great 
American Lakes. Lake Erie is next 
to the lowest of them, and is 240 miles 
in length, and 57 in breadth. 

SMITH'S MILLS, 

Hanover, Chajitauqua Co., JV. Y. 
448 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 12 

rORESTVILLE, 

Hanover, Chatitauqua Co., N. Y. 
452 vt. /r. N. Y. Fr. Dunkirk, 8 

An incorporated village. Population 
540. It has two churches, and several 
grist-mills, saw-mills, etc. 

DUNKIRK, 

CJtautauqua Co. N. Y. 

460 miles /rom New York. 

Incorporated in 1837. Population, 

4,754. This place has been chiefly 

built up since its selection for the 



western terminus of the Erie Rnilway. 
This selection was made on account of 
its fine haibor. whicli is the best be- 
tween Buffalo and Cleveland. It has 
a bank, two newspapers, various manu- 
factories, machine shops and furnaces, 
besides the very extensive warehouses 



and workshops of the railway com- 
pany. Near Fredonia, a thriving vil- 
lage about three miles south-east of 
Dunkirk, is a remarkable natural gas 
spring, from which a large portion 
of the village is supplied with illumin- 
ating gas. 



Northwestern Division of the Erie Railw'y. 

FROM HORNELLSVILLE TO BUFFALO. 



HORNELLSVILLE, 

332 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 91 
(See page 33). 

BTJRNS, 

Burns, Al/e^nny Co., N. V. 
340 m. fr. N. Y. Fr Buffalo, 83 
On the east line of the township, and 
near the north-east corner of the county. 
It contains a church, a mill, a factory, 
and twenty dwellings. 

CANASERAGA, 

Burns, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
344 m.fr. N. Y. Fr Buffalo, 79 
In the northern part of the township, 
and contain* an academy under Baptist 
management, several mills, and about 
200 inhabitants. It is a thriving vil- 
lage. 

SWAINVILLE, 

Grove, Allegany Co., N. Y. 
349 m. fr N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 74 
A post village on the east line of the 
township and of Livingston county. 

NTTNDA, 

Nunda, Livitigston Co., N. Y. 
356 m. fr N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 67 

The x-illage is on the Genesee Valley 
Canal, abo<.it three miles from the sta- 
tion. It has a friliing-mill, a woolen 
factory, tannery, two grist-mills, five 



saw-mills, an academy, furnace, ma- 
chine shop and tannery, six churches, 
and the Nunda Literary Institute, 
opened in 1844, whose building was 
burned in 1859. Population about 
2,000. At the station is a small vil- 
lage of about twenty houses. 

HUNT'S HOLLOW, 

Portage, Livingstoti Co., N. Y. 
358 w. fr. N. Y. Fr Buffalo, 65 

A small post village, containing two 
churches, a tannery, and about thiity 
houses. 

PORTAGE, 

Portage, Livingston Co.. X. Y. 
362 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 61 

One of the most interesting localities 
in the United States. Portage is a 
village of 1,519 inhabitants, located on 
the Genesee Valley canal and the 
Genesee river. In its immediate vicin- 
ity are the Genesee Falls, three in 
number, each of which is remarkable 
for its beauty and grandeur. The 
upper or Horseshoe Falls, seventy 
feet high, are about three-quarters 
of a mile below the village. The 
Middle Falls are about one-quarter 
of a mile further down the river. 
Here the water pours in an unbroken 
sheet into a chasm no feet below. 



PORTAGEVILLE TO ATTICA- 













which is bounded by perpendicuTar 
ledges. A cave, called the " Devil's 
Oven," has been worn into the Rocks 
on the west bank, near the bottom of 
the Falls. In low water loo persons 
can be seated in it, but when the river 
is high it is filled with water. Two 
miles below the Middle Falls, before 
reaching the third, the river pursues a 
winding course between perpendicular 
walls, across which a man might almost 
leap, then descends in a succession of 
rocky steps almost as regular as a stair- 
case, dives under a shelving rock, and 
descends into a narrow pass about 
fifteen feet wide ; descending perpen- 
dicularly for twenty feet it strikes 
against the base of high rocks, whirls 
back, and, turning nearly at right 
angles, falls into a deep pool overhung 
with shelving rocks. " Sugar Loaf," 
an isolated mass of rock, fifteen feet 
in diameter and one hundred feet high, 
rises from the river-bed at a bend in its 
course and receives nearly the whole 
force of the rushing waters. These 
Falls are accessible only from the west 
side. The perpendicular bank on the 
west of the river is 380 feet high at one 
point. The bridge by which the rail- 
way crosses the river is the largest 
wooden railroad bridge in the world. 
This bridge was built at a cost of 
^175,000, and stands upon thirteen 
strong stone piers set in the bed of the 
river and rising sufficiently above 
high-water mark to be secure against 
freshets. Above these piers a timber 
trestle-work rises 234 feet, on the top 
of which the track of the road is laid. 
The bridge is 800 feet long, and is so 
constructed that any timber in the 
whole structure can be removed and 
replaced at pleasure. The first and 
second falls can be seen from the bridge, 



and present a grand appearance as they 
are seen in the distance dashing over 
the rocks and plunging into the black 
basin. In some places the rocks of the 
ravine are 300 feet high, and small 
streams, trickling over the top of this 
wall, dissolve into blue mist long before 
they reach the bottom. The Genesee 
Valley Canal crosses the river on an 
aqueduct just above the bridge, then, 
running parallel with the river, passes 
under the railroad bridge on the high 
bluff of rocks forming the east bank of 
the river. The perforations for a tunnel, 
which was commenced and then aban- 
doned, may be seen in driving fi-om the 
hotel to tjhe bottom of the ravine. Al- 
together this place will well repay the 
visitor who has sufficient leisure, for a 
stay of some days. Portageville, the 
nearest village, is on the west side of 
the river, a little south of the station, in 
the township of Genesee Falls, Wyo- 
ming county, the river here forming the 
boundary between the two counties. It 
has five churches, and several mills. 
There is a large and good hotel near 
the station, and another in Portage- 
ville. 

CASTILE, 

Castile, Wyomi7tg Co., N. Y. 
366 w. fr. N. V. Fr. Buffalo, 57 
Situated on Wolf creek and the 
Genesee river, in the south-western 
part of the township. It contains four 
stores, a carriage-manufactory, and 
three churches. Population of the 
township, 2,323. 

GAINESVILLE STATION, 

Gainesville, lVyoitti7ig Co., N. Y. 
368 VI. fr. N. Y. Fr. Btiffalo, 55 

The village contains two churches, 
several stores and mills, and about 
twenty houses. Good building-stone 



43 



is quarried in the northern part of the 
township. Gainesville Creek, about 
four miles from the station, on East 
Coy creek, near the centre of the town- 
ship, contains a large female seminary 
after the plan of the Mt. Holyoke 
seminary, Massachusetts. The build- 
ing will accommodate loo boarding- 
pupils, and 150 day-scholars. Gaines- 
ville Creek is the home of the Hon. 
Wm. Bristol, known as " the soldier's 
friend." To the north-east of Gaines- 
ville Station is Silver Lake, three 
miles long, the scene of action of 
a supposed monster seipent, whose 
alleged performances created so much 
excitement in 1855. The village of 
Perry is situated near the outlet of the 
lake, about six miles from the station. 
It is a thriving village, has a woolen- 
factory, a furnace, three flouring-mills, 
a bank, a newspaper office, several 
churches, and the Perry Academy. 

WARSAW, 

Warsaw, ]Vyo7iii7ig Co., li. V. 
375 in. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 48 
This is the county seat of Wyoming 
comity. The village is about a mile 
east of the station on Oatka creek. It 
is in a deep valley, on the west slope of 
which the railway passes through the 
township at a considerable elevation. 
Besides the county buildings, it con- 
tains five churches, a bank, three hotels, 
a large Union schoolhouse, an iron 
fiirnace, a tanneiy, two flouring-mills, 
two newspaper offices, manufactories 
of sash and blinds, of horse-rakes, of 
carnages, map-rollers, and of water- 
proof blacking. It is the home of 
Hon. Augustus Frank, and of Judge 
H. L. Comstock. Population of the 
township, in 1S65, 2,958. Stages run 
daily to Arcade, in the south-western 



comer of the county, twenty-five miles, 
and to Batavia, the county seat of 
Genesee county. On the Arcade stage- 
route is Wethersfield Springs, six 
miles from Warsaw, a place of some 
importance, and the seat of the " Doo- 
little Institute," founded and endowed 
by Ormus Doolittle, Esq. It was the 
early home of Hon. James R. Doo- 
little, of Wisconsin. 

DALE, 

Middlehtry, IVyoining Co., N. Y. 
381 nufr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 42 
A small post village. 

LINDEN, 

Bethatiy, Genesee Co., N. Y. 
385 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Bjiffalo, 38 
This village is located in the south- 
ern part of the township and county ; it 
contains a flouring and saw-mill, a 
furnace, and about fifty dwellings. 

ATTICA, 

Attica, Ge?tesee Co., N. Y. 
392 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 31 
Is in the north-western part of the 
township, on Tonawanda creek, was 
incorporated in 1837. It has a flourish- 
ing Union school, a bank, a newspaper 
office, a flouring-mill, five churches. 
The Buffalo Division of the Erie Rail- 
way, which diverges from the main 
line at Coming, and passes through 
Avon and Batavia, here reunites with 
the Northwestern Division, forming a 
single line from this point to Buffalo. 
A branch of the N. Y. C. R. R. ex- 
tends from here to Batavia. 

DARIEN, 

Darieti, Genesee Co., N. Y. 
398 w/. fr. N. Y. Fr. Bjiffalo, 25 
Darien Centre and Darien City are 
two villages of Darien township, and lie 



45 



LOCKPORT JUNCTION TO NIAGARA FALLS. 




LANCASTER TO BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALLS, 



about two miles apart, and about half a 
mile north of the railway. Darien City, 
the most easterly, contains a church, 
and fifty dwellings. Darien Centre 
contains a church, Darien Seminary, 
and twenty dwellings. 

ALDEN, . 

A Men, Erie Co., N. Y. 
404 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Biifalo, 19 
A post village containing two 
churches, and 285 population. Alden 
Centre is a small village about one 
mile south-west. The New York 
Central Railroad runs through the 
northern portion of the township. 

TOWN LINE, 

Lancaster, Erie Co., N. Y. 
409 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 14 
The post village of this name is 
about a mile south of the station, and 
is partly in Darien township. 

LANCASTER, 

Lancaster, Erie Co., N. Y. 
413 7n. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 10 
An incorporated village in the west- 
em part of the township. It contains 
six churches, a bank, a glass factoiy, a 
tannery, a bedstead factory, a grist- 
mill, and a saw-mill. 

CHICTAWATJGA, 

Chictaivauga, Erie Co., N. Y. 
415 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 8 
The route in its approach to Buffalo 
converges quite near to the New York 
Central Railway. The Indian name 
of this place, of which the present is a 
corruption, was " Jiik-do-waah-geh," 
and signified " the place of the crab- 
apple tree." Population of the town- 
ship, in 1S65, 2,657. 



BUFFALO, 

Erie Co., N. Y. 
423 miles fro7n New York. 
Buffalo is situated at the foot of Lake 
Erie, just above the point where the 
narrowing lake takes the character and 
name of Niagara River. It is also the 
western terminus of the Erie Canal. 
From its position, therefore, Buffalo is 
at once the natural key to the com- 
merce of the Great Lakes and the 
Great North-west, and also the artifi- 
cial gate through which the boundless 
grain-fields of the West pour their 
treasures into Eastern markets. Next 
to New York City Buffalo is the most 
important commercial city in the State. 
The French, who were its first visitors, 
named it " BufBe " — English, Buffalo 
— from the wild oxen which they saw 
in great droves around. In 18 13, 
during the war with Great Britain, this 
place suffered greatly ; every house was 
destroyed, but one, which is still stand- 
ing near the corner of Mohawk and 
Main streets. In 1815 buildings were 
again erected, and in 1825 Congress 
voted $So,ooo for the sufferers. The 
principal influence in producing the 
rapid growth of the city was exerted by 
the construction of the Erie Canal, 
completed in October, 1825, which has 
its western terminus here. From the 
time when the quarrel between Buffalo 
and Black Rock, as to which should 
have the terminus, was decided in 
favor of Buffalo, to the present, it has 
been rapidly increasing in size and im- 
portance. Soon after this first period, 
it was not unusual in summer to see 
the plains of Buffalo white with the 
tents gf emigrants, who, unable to 
obtain better accommodation in the 
crowded city, there awaited the arrival 
of the steamboats, which were to con- 



vey them across the lakes to their new 
homes. The harbor of Buffalo, formed 
by the Great Buffalo Creek, was, be- 
fore the construction of the Erie Canal, 
obstructed by the washing in of sand 
firom the lake, but by the energy and 
enterprise of the citizens a pier or 
breakwater was, after several failures, 
extended so far out into the lake as to 
control its "wash," and to enable the 
spring freshets in the creek to scour out 
the deposits and maintain a deep and 
lasting channel. It was this success 
that decided the location at this place 
of the canal terminus. A continuous 
line of wharves extends along Buffalo 
Creek. The Erie basin, just north of 
Buffalo Creek, is protected by a break- 
water from the lake-storms, and the 
Ohio basin, a little more than a mile 
up the creek, contains ten acres of suf- 
ficient depth to float the largest lake 
vessels. The Blackwell ship-canal ex- 
tends more than a mile between Buf- 
falo Creek and the lake, and is con- 
nected with the creek, the basins, and 
the Erie Canal, by numerous slips. At 
the end of the pier, which extends 
1,500 feet into the lake, is a lighthouse, 
strongly built of stone and iron, and 
furnished with a first-class Fresnel 
dioptric light. The city has a water 
front of about five miles, two and a half 
of which are on the Lake, and two and 
a half on Niagara river. It is about 
sixty feet above the level of the lake, 
and the ground rises gradually as it 
recedes from the harbor. The more 
elevated portions afford fine views of 
the city, Niagara river, Lake Erie, and 
the Canada shore. Its streets are 
broad and straight, and generalhr cross 
each other at right angles. Niagara 
Square, from which eight streets ra- 
diate, is a handsome open quadrangle, 



surrounded by elegant private resi- 
dences. The business portion of 
the city is near the lake and river. 
Wharves, elevators, and extensive 
warehouses line the harbor ; the larg- 
est of the latter is that of the Central 
Railroad, used exclusively for its own 
consignments. At the back of these 
immense buildiftgs flows the Erie 
Canal, with only narrow tow-paths 
between its waters and the lofty ware- 
houses. The number of vessels con- 
tinually arriving and departing from 
this port is very great. Business 
is greatly facilitated by the elevators. 
There are twenty-two of these, which 
have an aggregate transfer power of 
82,000 bushels per hour, and a ware- 
house capacity of 4,415,000 bushels. 
They were erected at a cost of 
$1,000,000. By the promptitude of 
their action fleets have been unloaded 
and enabled to leave the harbor in 
thirty-six hours after arrival. Great 
numbers of cattle from the West are 
shipped from Buffalo both by water and 
by rail. The manufactures of Buffalo 
have already attained considerable 
magnitude. There are twenty estab- 
lishments engaged in manufacturing 
iron, which employ 3,000 persons. The 
most important are those of the Union 
Iron Co., which has three blasting- 
furnaces, using 50,000 tons of iron ore, 
and 50,000 tons of coal ; the Fletcher 
Furnace making upwards of 9,000 tons 
of pig-iron annually ; Pratt & Co.'s 
iron and nail manufactory, turning out 
forty tons per day ; the Shephard Iron 
Works, Buffalo Steam- Engine and 
Iron Ship-building Works, and the 
Eagle Iron Works. The Niagara and 
Buffalo Steam Forge Works manufac- 
ture anchors and car-axles. There are 
ten flouring-mills that annually manu- 



48 



facture from 350,000 to 450,000 barrels. 
For the twelve months ending Decem- 
ber, 1864, the government tax on the 
manufactures in this district was about 
$1,538,000. Among other manufactures 
are establishments for leather work, 
agricultural implements, distilled spir- 
its, and cement. Ship-building is also 
extensively carried on. There are, 
besides, eleven establishments for the 
refining of "petroleum," capable of 
producing 70,000 barrels per annum. 
Among the principal public buildings 
is a large and handsome edifice at the 
corner of Seneca and Washington 
streets, in which is conducteft the 
business of the post-office, the custom- 
house, and the United States courts. 
It was constructed by the Federal 
Government at a cost of $140,000. 
The old and new court-houses, the 
former of which faces Lafayette park 
on Main street, are fine buildings. The 
United States arsenal is in Batavia 
street. There are also several admi- 
rably built markets in different parts of 
the city. The City Water Works Co. 
have constructed a reservoir on Niagara 
street, eighty feet above the level of the 
lake, capable of containing nearly 
14,000,000 gallons. Powerful engines 
are erected on the banks of the river to 
supply the reservoirs; the aggregate 
cost amounting to $500,000. There 
are about seventy churches in Buffalo, 
many of which are spacious and hand- 
some. The Roman Catholic Cathedral 
of St. Joseph is built entirely of stone, 
in an elegant and expensive style. It 
is without galleries, and at the back of 
the altar is a tripartite window of stain- 
ed glass, manufactured at Munich, 
representing the birth, crucifixion, and 
ascension of the Savior. The Protes- 
tant Episcopal church of St. Paul is 



an imposing edifice, and has a chime 
of bells which cost $15,000. The prin- 
cipal cemetery is Forest Lawn, about 
three miles from the city. It is a spa- 
cious and well chosen location, some- 
what undulating in surface, and is taste- 
fully laid out. The public schools have 
a high reputation. In the highest de- 
partment a complete academic course 
is taught, excepting the classics. Of the 
200 teachers employed, 162 are females. 
Number of children attending is about 
30,000, and the total expense $100,000 
annually. The district libraries contain 
gooo volumes. The benevolent insti- 
tutions include the Church Charity 
Foundation, the Buffalo and St. Vin- 
cent Orphan Asylums, the City Hospi- 
tal, a Marine Hospital, founded in 
1833, the Hospital of the Sisters of 
Charity, the Boatman's Friend Society, 
Association for the Relief of the Poor, 
Buffalo Industrial School, Martha In- 
dustrial School, the Firemen's Bene- 
volent Association, the Benevolent 
Society of the Evangelical Lutheran 
St. John's Church, the Soldiers' Rest, 
the Mutual Benefit Catholic Tem- 
perance Society, the Buffalo City Dis- 
pensary. There are thirteen Masonic 
lodges, and five lodges and one degree 
lodge of the Order of Odd Fellows. 
Besides these are the Medical Society 
of the county of Erie, the Buffalo 
Horticultural Society, and many other 
associations. The Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association is a flourishing so- 
ciety, and have a fine building with 
conveniently fitted rooms containing 
a library of 10,000 volumes. The 
German Young Men's Association 
has 2000 works, chiefly in German. 
The Medical College, on the corner of 
Main and Virginia streets, maintains 
the usual course of lectures. In the 



49 



building of the Young Men's Associa- 
tion, besides their own rooms, are the 
rooms of the Society of Natural 



Sciences, the Buffalo Law Library, 
the Historical Society, and the Buffalo 
Fine Arts Gallery. 



Buffalo Division of the Erie Railway. 

FROM corning TO ROCHESTER AND BUFFALO. 



Trains over this route, after leaving 
Corning, run parallel with the main 
road to Painted Post, then diverge to 
the north, passing up the valley of the 
Conhocton river through Steuben 
county, thence through Livingston 
county, between Conesus and Hem- 
lock lakes, to Avon, from whence a 
branch extends to Rochester, connect- 
ing this important city directly with 
New York. From Avon the route 
continues directly west through Batavia 
in Genesee county to Buffalo., 

CORNING, 

291 in.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 142 
(See page 31 ) 

PAINTED POST, 

293 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 140 

(See page 31.) 

COOPER'S, 

Erwtn, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
296 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 1 3T 
A small post village near the north- 
ern line of the township. 

CURTIS, 

Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y. 

299 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 1 34 

A small place on Stevens creek, 

containing two churches and several 

mills. 



CAMPBELL, 

Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
300 m.fr., N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 133 
Named from early settlers, contains 
a population of 1,622. The surround- 
ing country is broken and rough. 
Some of the hills rise from 300 to 500 
feet above the valleys. It is near the 
junction of McNutt and Michigan 
creeks with Conhocton river. 

SAVONA, 

Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
305 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 128 
At the mouth of Mud creek, contains 
two churches, and 250 inhabitants. 

BATH, 

Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
311 m.fr. N. Y Fr. Buffalo, 122 
This thriving village is situated on 
the left bank of the Conhocton creek. 
It receives the trade of a rich agricul- 
tural district, and has a manufacturing 
and lumber business of considerable 
importance. Bath is one of the half- 
shires of the county. Corning being the 
other. The court-house at Bath is a 
commodious brick building, erected in 
1828. An orphan asylum has been 
founded and built by Ira Davenport, 
at a cost of $200,000. The county poor- 
house is located upon a farm of 214 
acres, about two miles north-east of the 
village. Besides the county buildings, 
Bath contains about six churches, three 



THE 



Life Insurance Company 

98 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



Permanent Capital Stock of 
Assets, nearly 



$125,000 
$1,000,000 



CYRUS CURTISS, President. 

MATTHEW MITCHELL, Vice President. 

WM. A. BREWER, Jr., Secretary and Actuary. 

CYRUS MUNN, Assistant Secretary. 

B. W. McCREADY, M.D., Medical Examiner. 

GEO. T. ELLIOT, Jr., Consiilting Physician. 



DIRECTORS 



CYRUS CURTISS, 
MATTHEW MITCHELL, 
W. A. BREWER, Jk., 
GEORGE GRISWOLD, 
KOLAND G. MITCHELL, 
FREDERICK G. FOSTER, 
GEORGE NEWBOLD, 
JOHN CASWELL, 
ARTHUR F. WILLMARTH, 
THOMAS HOPE, 
ELLWOOD WALTER, 
BENJAMIN W. BONNEY, 
FRANKLIN F. RANDOLPH, 
FREDERICK W. MACY, 
HENRY SWIFT, 
DAVID A. WOOD, 
WILSON G, HUNT. 
WILLIAM H. ASPINWALL, 
WILLIAM H. COX. 
GEORGE N. LAWRENCE 
THOMAS H. FAILE, 
JAMES PUNNETT, 
LEVI P. MORTON, 
EFFINGHAM TOWNSEND, 

Policy Holders receive fill the Profits. 

Stoc1<holilers receive no other Dividends than Legal Interest on their Stock. 
Dividends to Policv Holders, once credited, are never forfeited. 
PREMIUMS RECEIVABLE IN CASH, which is believed to be the onlj' 
true and safe system. 

JAherality and Promptitude in th« Settlement of Claims, 
AGENTS WANTF.D IN EVERY STATE. 



WM. F. MOTT, Jr., 
ABIEL A. LOW, 
GUSTAV SCHWAB, 
MERRITT TRIMBLE, 
GEOBGE A. ROBBINS, 
ROBERT R. WILLETS, 
JAMES B. JOHNSTON, 
DAVID WAG STAFF, 
ABRAHAM BININGER, 
JAMES THOMSON, 
ROBERT H. BERDELL, 
JOHN G. VOSE. 
JOHN H. SHERWOOD. 
CHAS. H. LUDINGTON, 
ROBERT BOWNE. 
JEREMIAH C. GARTHWAITE 
FREDERICK WOOD, 
FRANCIS H. STOTT, 
NEWEL C. HALL, 
GEORGE R. BABCOCK, 
ISAAC HINCKLEY, 
STEPHEN T. SOUDER, 
HENRY P. ROSS. 



banks, and several newspaper offices. 
There are also a number of mills and 
factories in the vicinity. It was incor- 
porated in 1836, and has now a popu- 
lation of about 3,000. 

KANONA, 

Bath, Stejiben Co., N. V. 
315 m./r. N. V. Fr. Buffalo, 118 
Formerly Kennedyville, is near the 
northern border of the township, at the 
mouth of Five Mile creek, and contains 
two churches and forty houses. 

AVOCA, 

Avoca, Steuben Co.^ N. V. 
319 m./r. N. V. Fr. Bttffalo, 114 
Situated on the Conhocton, a little 
below the mouth of Ten Mile creek ; 
contains two churches, an iron foundry, 
and aflouring-mill. Population, 300. 

WALLACE'S, 

Avoca, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
322 m./r. N. V. Fr. Buffalo, 111 
Settled in 1800, is near the mouth 
of Twelve Mile creek, and has two 
churches, saw-mill, grist-mill, etc. 

LIBERTY, 

Cohocton., Steiiben Co., N. V. 
326 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 107 
Situated in the centre of the town- 
ship, and on Conhocton river, contains 
two churches, and about 200 popula- 
tion. A considerable business is car- 
ried on here in hemlock lumber. 

BLOOD'S, 

Cohocton, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
331 m./r.N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 102 
Near the northern border of the 
county, is an important station from its 
connection with the Canandalgua lake 
route. A daily line of stages runs to 
Naples, at the head of the lake, and a 



steamer plies daily between the latter 
place and Canandaigua. 

WAYLAND, 

Way land, Steuben Co., N. Y. 
337 m. /r. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 96 
This is in the north-western corner 
of the county. The land is rolling, and 
forms a portion of the watershed be- 
tween Susquehanna river and Lake 
Ontario ; the tributaries of the former 
reaching their final outlet in the Gulf 
of Mexico, while those of the latter are 
discharged into the Gulf of St. Law- 
rence. Its highest summits are 1,600 
to 1,800 feet above tide-water. The 
streams here are small creeks and 
brooks. Loon and Mud lakes are 
situated in a valley in the southern 
part of the town, and their waters flow 
in opposite directions. The' course of 
the former is subterranean for half a 
mile, and when it again comes to the 
surface it is in sufficient volume to form 
a valuable mill stream. The village 
contains forty dwellings. Five miles 
south-west of Wayland is Dansville, a 
flourishing incorporated village. The 
falls of the creek at this place furnish 
valuable water-power, which operates 
numerous mills of various kinds. 
Among these are five flouring-miUs, 
three paper-mill.s, two furnaces, five 
breweries, a plaster-mill, a machine- 
shop, a pail factory, a sash and blind 
factoiy, etc. There are six churches, 
two banks, two newspaper offices, 
and the Dansville Seminary, under 
Methodist Episcopal management. A 
water-cure of some celebrity is located 
here. 

SPRINGWATER, 

Springwater, Livingston Co., N. Y. 

341 m. /r. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 92 

North-west of the centre, contains 



CONESUS TO ROCHESTER 







two churches, a sash and blind factory, 
a saw-mill, two flour-mills, and sixty- 
two houses. 

CONESUS, 

Conesus, Livm^stoii Co., N. Y, 
348 »«. /r. N. V. Fr. Buffalo, 85 
The township lies between Hemlock 
and Conesus lakes, two beautiful sheets 
of water. Marrowback Hills, in the 
eastern part, near Hemlock lake, rise 
to about 1,200 feet above it. Conesus 
Centre, near the station, has two 
churches, a saw and grist-mill, and 
about forty houses. This is widely 
known as the " Round Pie Station," 
from the excellent small round pies 
long kept for sale at the lunch-room of 
the station-house. 

SOUTH LIVONIA, 

Livonia, Livingstoti Co., N. V. 
352 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 81 

Five miles south from the centre, 
contains one church, and a dozen or 
more houses. 

LIVONIA, 

Livonia, Livi7igsto7i Co., N. Y. 
356 w. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 77 

The station has a manufactory of 
agricultural implements, and thirty 
houses. At this point we reach the 
eastern border of the rich Genesee Val- 
ley, and from this station more grain is 
shipped than from any other on the 
road. The Centre, one and a half 
miles to the east, contains two churches, 
and 400 inhabitants. 

HAMILTON'S, 

Lima, Livingston Co., N. Y. 
358 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Btffalo, 75 
This station, otherwise known as 
South Lima, is on the northern boun- 



dary of Livonia, at the corner of Avon 
and Lima. 

AVON, 
Avon, Livingston Co., N. Y. 
367 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 66 
Not far from the northern border 
of the county, and in the centre of the 
richest agricultural district in the State. 
It is the most important station be- 
tween Corning and Rochester. From 
this point the Erie Railway has two 
lines, one to Rochester, the other turn- 
ing westward to Buffalo. The Genesee 
Valley Railroad also connects here with 
the Erie, and runs southerly up the 
valley to Geneseo and Mount Morris. 
All trains stop at Avon for meals, and 
the eating-house is admirably con- 
ducted, and deservedly popular. Avon 
is a watering-place of considerable 
note. Its strong sulphur springs are 
widely known, and possess in a high 
degree the medicinal properties of 
sulphur waters. The springs are 
about half a mile south-west of the 
station and village. The principal 
hotels are " Congress Hall," and the 
" Knickerbocker " at the springs, and 
the "United States" at the village. 
A water-cure, or invalid's home, has 
recently been established near the 
depot. There are also at the springs 
bathing-houses, a driving-park, and 
the usual places of amusement found 
at watering-places. Stages run twice 
a day to York, and to Lima, which 
latter place is seven miles east, and is 
the seat of Genesee College and Lima 
Seminary. One and a half miles west 
of the station the railroad crosses the 
Genesee river and the Genesee Valley 
Canal. Large quantities of grain, wool, 
apples, and other farm products are 
annually shipped from Avon by rail- 
road and canal. By the census of 



i86o Avon, York, and Livonia pro- 
duced more pounds of wool than any 
other three towns in the United States. 
A drive up the valley to Geneseo and 
Mount Morris, will exhibit to the trav- 
eler the heart of the far-famed Gene- 



see country. Geneseo was the home 
of the late Gen. James S. Wadsworth, 
who fell at the battle of " The Wilder- 
ness," and the estates of the Wads- 
worth family comprise thousands of 
acres of this fertile valley. 



AVON TO ROCHESTER. 



The railroad from Avon to Rochester 
is a part of the Genesee Valley Rail- 
road, leased and managed by the Erie 
Railway Company. 

RUSH, 

Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y. 
3T1 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Rochester, 14 

One mile west of West Rush is the 
junction of the Genesee Valley, and 
Canandaigua, and Niagara Falls Rail- 
roads. 

SCOTTSVILLE, 

Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y. 

373 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Rochester, 12 

The village of Scottsville is one and 
a half miles west of the station, in the 
township of Wheatland, near where 
the Genesee Canal crosses the Genesee 
river. It has four churches, a Union 
school, extensive flouring-mills, plas- 
ter-mills, a woolen-factory, furnace, 
brewery, and distillery, and a steam 
planing-mill. 

HENEIETTA, 

Henrietta, Mo7iroe Co., N. Y. 
^IC^ 7n. fr. N. Y. Fr. Rochester, 8 
A small station. The village of 
West Henrietta is east of the station, 
and contains quite a large manufactory 
of wagons. 

ROCHESTER, 

Monroe Co., N. Y. 
385 vt. fr. New York. 
This is a modern city, having risen 



from the wilderness within about half 
a century. Its present population is 
nearly 6o,qoo. The waters of the 
Genesee river, flowing to the north- 
ward, from the Allegany hills in the 
southern part of the State and northern 
Pennsylvania, traverse the city and 
empty into Lake Ontario, eight miles 
distant. Within the city limits the 
river undergoes a descent of about 265 
feet, falling in four distinct cataracts 
within the distance of two miles. The 
magnificent water-power thus afforded, 
located in the midst of one of the finest 
wheat-growing regions in the world, in 
connection with the facilities of trans- 
portation afforded by the Erie Canal, 
Lake Ontario, and the railways, have 
given powerful impulses to the pros- 
perity of the place, and it has become 
the most important flouring city in the 
world. Its product is from 600,000 to 
1,000,000 barrels per annum. The 
Erie Canal crosses the Genesee by an 
aqueduct of cut stone, built at an ex- 
pense of over $600,000. The Genesee 
Valley Canal, a tributary to the Erie, 
has its northern terminus here, and ex- 
tends southerly, following up the gen- 
eral course of the Genesee Valley to 
Olean, on the Allegany river, in Catta- 
raugus county. It is being extended 
from Olean to the coal regions of Penn- 
sylvania. Besides the Genesee Valley 
Railway, leased and operated by the 
Erie Railway Co., there are five sec- 



•56 



t 



tjons of the New York Central Rail- 
way, which converge at this point, viz. 
fi-om Buffalo, from Niagara Falls, from 
Syracuse direct, from Syracuse by way 
of Canandaigua, and from Charlotte, at 
the mouth of the Genesee river. The 
city is regularly laid out with wide and 
handsome streets, of which many are 
lined with shade-trees. Main street, on 
the east side, and Buffalo street, on the 
west side of the river, form by means 
of a stone bridge, one continuous 
street, the " Broadway " of the city, 
lined with handsome stores, hotels, 
public buildings, etc. The suburbs are 
ornamented by numerous and elegant 
residences, surrounded by tasteful 
grounds and gardens. The different 
cataracts of the Genesee evidently 
formed at one time a single cascade, 
but the different degrees of hardness 
of the several rocks have caused an 
unequal retrograde movement of the 
falls, until they have assumed their 
present position. At the Upper Falls, 
just north of the New York Central 
Railway bridge, the water descends 96 
fee.t over the perpendicular face of Nia- 
gara limestone, underlaid by shale. At 
this place the noted Sam Patch made 
his last and fatal leap. Below the 
Upper Falls the river flows between 
nearly perpendicular walls about one 
and three-quarter miles to the Middle 
Falls, where it has a descent of 25 
feet. One hundred rods below it 
descends 84 feet at the Lower Falls, 
over a ledge of Medina sand-stone to 
the level of Lake Ontario. The water- 
power thus produced is immense, and 
good use is made of it in the various 
and important manufactories carried on 
here. Besides the large flouring-mills, 
some twenty-four in number, there are 
extensive manufactories of flour-bar- 



rels, of axes and edge-tools, of coaches 
and carriages, of boots and shoes, of 
chairs, two cotton-factories, nine ma- 
chine-shops, a large safe and scale 
manufactory, eight furnaces, seventeen 
breweries, fifteen boat-yards, two car- 
pet factories, besides paper-mills, saw- 
mills, planing-mills, tanneries, rifle- 
manufactories, soap and candle-fac- 
tories, etc. The city takes rank among 
the first manufacturing towns of the 
State. The trade and commerce of the 
city is very important, as will be per- 
ceived when we consider the immense 
quantity of flour exported, and the ex- 
tensive manufacturing carried on. The 
local trade is far from insignificant, as 
nearly half a million population are 
within two hours travel of the city. 
The greatest nurseries of America are 
here. Thousands of acres, within five 
miles of the city, are devoted to the 
culture of fruit-trees, and millions of 
trees are annually sent abroad to other 
States and foreign lands. The annual 
product of these nurseries is $2,000,000. 
There are thirty miles of improved 
streets, 25 miles of excellent sewerage, 
seventeen miles of horse-railroad, one 
thousand street lamps, twelve spacious 
parks, and four elegant bridges over 
the Genesee. The court-house and 
city hall cost $80,000. There are eigh- 
teen public school-houses, and fifty 
churches. The University of the City 
of Rochester is located on a tract of 
twelve acres, just east of the city 
limits, near the Central Railway. It 
has a valuable library, and fine min- 
eralogical cabinet. Connected with it 
is the Baptist Theological Seminary. 
This has a German department, and 
includes in its library 4,600 volumes, 
formerly the property of Dr. Aug. 
Neander, the German religious his- 



57 



torian. The Western House of Refuge, 
a state reform-school for vicious boys, is 
a large and imposing edifice near the 
Rochester and Niagara Falls Railway. 
There are usually about 400 inmates, 
who are required to labor during cer- 
tain hours of the day, and to devote a 
certain amount of time to study. There 
are two large hospitals, St. Mary's, 
under the management of the Sisters 
of Charity, the other a city institution. 
Mount Hope Cemeteiy is located in 



Brighton, near the south line of the 
city, on Mount Hope, a beautiful emi- 
nence overlooking the city. It is laid 
out in excellent taste, and is one of the 
finest rural cemeteries in the country. 
Visitors to Rochester should not fail to 
visit it. A very inadequate idea of the 
city is gained by passing through in the 
cars. Drives on its fine avenues, and 
strolls in its parks will well repay 
the tourist. 



AVON TO 

This route, with that fi-om Coming 

to Avon comprises the Buffalo, New 

York, and Erie Railway, leased and 

operated by the Erie Railway Co. 

CALEDONIA, 

Caledonia, Livingston Co., N. V. 
374: m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Bujffalo, 59 
In the northern part of the most 
northern township of the county. Set- 
tlement made in 1797 ; contains three 
churches, a grist and saw-mill, a 
brewery ; has 650 inhabitants. At this 
place is a celebrated spring, remark- 
able alike for the volume and purity of 
its waters, and for the great supply of 
trout originally abounding there, and 
still kept up by artificial means. The 
spring is now the property of the 
veteran sportsman Seth Green. Visi- 
tors can, for a small fee, enjoy the sport 
of fishing in its waters. 

LE ROY, 

Leroy, Genesee Co., JV. V. 
381 w?. fr. N. V. Fr. Buffalo. 52 
This pleasant and thriving village is 
finely located on Oatka creek, in the 
centre of the township, and is one of the 
most beautiful in western New York. 



BUFFALO. 

Gypsum and Onondaga limestone, for 
building purposes, are obtained in this 
town. In the eastern part, south of the 
creek, is an extensive tract of oak 
openings, covered thickly with stone, 
and hard to cultivate. The village 
contains a bank, a newspaper ofSce, 
and a female seminary. Ingham Uni- 
versity is a school of great reputation, 
and Leroy Academy a flourishing in- 
stitution. The stone building near the 
railroad, east of the station, was built 
for a car-shop, but is now a malt-house 

STAFFORD, 

Stafford, Genesee Co., N. V. 
386 7n. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 4T 
The village lies on Black creek, near 
the centre of the township, contains 
three churches, a private seminary, and 
a population of 350. 

BATAVIA, 

Batavia, Gefiesee Co., N. Y. 
396 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 37 
Was settled in the early part of the 
century. Five branches of the Central 
Railroad converge here — fiom Albany 
by Rochester, fi-om Albany by Canan- 
daigua, from Buffalo, from Niagara 



Falls and Canada, and from Attica. 
The village contains five churches, a 
State arsenal, a Union school, and seve- 
ral newspapers are published, the first 
started in 1807. It has a number of 
manufacturing establishments, and a 
population of 3,000. It was here that 
the first meeting to advocate the con- 
struction of the Erie Canal was held in 
1809. The war of 1812 put an end to 
the agitation of the subject, but it was 
renewed after peace was proclaimed. 
The abduction of Morgan, the alleged 
betrayer of the secrets of Freemasonry, 
took place here. He came to Batavia 
to write and print his work. He made 
no secret of this work, and soon an ex- 
citement was raised, during which, on 
the pretense of taking him to Canan- 
daigua for trial for money loaned him, 
he was carried off, none knew where. 
Some say he was executed at the mouth 
of Niagara river. The publication went 
on under one Miller. A civil war arose, 
men armed with clubs met to demolish 
the office, but a cannon in the hands 
of the citizens kept them off until the 
book was published, when violence 
ceased. The " Oak Orchard Acid 
Springs" are situated about twelve 



miles north-west of this station, m the 
town of Alabama, on Oak Orchard 
creek. These curious springs are nine in 
number, all located within a circle fifty 
rods in diameter ; three of them issuing 
from a mound within ten feet from 
each other. In no two of them is the 
water alike. They are found, by ana- 
lysis, to contain, besides other mineral 
substances, a quantity of free sulphuric 
acid. Large quantities of the water are 
bottled and sold for medicinal purposes. 
Batavia was the residence of the late 
Dean Richmond, who was the presi- 
dent of the N. Y. Central Railroad Co. 
at the time of his death. 

ALEXANDER, 

Alexander, Ge7iesee Co., N. V. 
404 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Buffalo, 29 

Contains a flouring-mill, 3 churches, 
and the Genesee and Wyoming Semi- 
nary, founded in 1834 by Samuel Bene- 
dict and Henry Hawkins. Its main 
building is built of stone, and will ac- 
commodate 300 students. 

For a description of Attica and the 
stations beyond to Buffalo, see the 
Northwest Division, p. 43. 



60 



The New York Printing Company, 

81, 83, and 85 Centre Street, 

:New York. 



DOTY'S 
CLOTHES WASHES, 

using boiling-hot suds, saves three-fourths the labor and 
time — takes out all the dirt — no sore hands — no foetid air — 

NO INJURY TO THE CLOTHES. 

"It really merits all the good that can be said of it." — 
Rural New Yorker. 

THE XJN'IA^ERS^^T^ 

WITH THE STOP-GEAK, 

wrings clothes almost dry, without injury to the most 
delicate garments, and never gets tired or out of 

ORDER. 

On receipt of the price from places where no one is 
selling, we will send one Washer and one Wringer, 
either or both, free of freight charges. Family Size 
Washer, $14 ; No. i><^ Wringer, $10 ; No. 2 Wringer, 
$8 so. 
Send for Circulars, giving wholesale and retail terms. 

R. 0. BROWNING, General Agent, 

32 Cortlandt Street, New York, 

(Opposite Merchants' Hotel.) 

Paris Exposition, July, 1867. 

THE HIGHEST PRIZE FOR 

WMIMW S1WIW<3 BA€HIF1S, 

TO WIT: THE 

FIRST SILVER MEDAL 

WAS AWARDED TO THE 

Florence Sewing Machine Co. 

NO "GOLD" MEDAL HAS BEEN AWARDED TO ANY SEWING MACHINE CO. AT SAID 
EXPOSITION, EXCEPT FOR A MACHINE TO MAKE BUTTON HOLES. 




Eliiit Howe, Jr., i 
services 



ceioes the well merited Honor of a Gold Medal— n 
the world as an INVENTOR and DESIGNER. 



t for his MA CHINE, but foi 
See Committee's Report. 



We think this award should satisfy every candid person that the FLORENCE 
is just what we have all along claimed for it, viz. : 

The Best Family Sewing Machine in the World. 

There were upwards of Eighty Competitors, but by the award of the 
Committee the FLORENCE takes precedence over all others of all nations. 

FLORENCE SBWINa MACHINE CO., 



6RAMHALL, DEANE & CO, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Cooking and Heating 

APPARATUS. 

Hotel Ranges & Purniture 

A SPECIALTY. 

247 and 249 WATER STREET, 
TOW ¥#1^. 



American Clock Company, 

DEALERS IN 

CLOCKS, BEIiyillTCliS, TIMf-flECES, 

AND 

SOLE AGENTS FOR 



E.N. Welch Manfg Co., 
New Haven Clock Co., 

AND 

Seth Thomas Clock Co. 




Letters of inquiry promptly 
answered, and Catalogues and 
Price-Lists furnished on appli- 



3 COBTLANDT ST., NEW YORK, 

115 LAKE ST., CHICAGO. 



E. C. HINE. 



S. E. THOMAS. 



SECURITY 

LIFE IN^SXJR^lSrCE 

AND 

Nos. 31 and 33 Pine Street, New York. 
A^SJ^EXJ^, 1^1,000,000. 

OFFICERS. 
HOBJERT X. CASJE, President. 
THJEOnOBD R. WETMOUE, Vice President. 
ISAAC H. ALLEN, Secretary. 

This Institution holds rank among the very first Life Companies in 
existence, and offers advantages surpassed by none. Its business is rapidly 
extending, and is conducted on an economical and reliable basis. 
TEIi3lS OF PAYMENT. 

Premiums may be paid semi-annually, tri-annually, or annually. 

On Life and Endowment Policies, where the annual premium exceeds ^40, 
one-third of the premium will be indorsed on the Polic\' as a loan to the 
insured, bearing interest at six per cent., payable in advance, and the profits 
to which the insured may be entitled will be appropriated to the cancelling ot 
said loan. 

Premiums for the whole life may be paid in ten annual payments, or in one 
single pavment. 

Policies for the whole life, and endowment assurance, participate in profits. 

DESCJtIPTION OF POLICIES ISSUED. 

1. For the whole term of life. 

2. For an\' number of years. 

3. Payable when the assured attains a certain age or at his death. 

4. On joint lives, payable at the death of the first of two or more persons. 

5. Policies will be issued in favor of the person whose life is assured, payable 

to himself, his heirs, executors, or assigns, transferable by assignment. 
f>. In favor of a wife, and payable to her ; or, in case of her death, to chil- 
dren or their guardian. 
This Company will also grant policies on the 

TEN YE All NON-FO JiFFirUPE PLAN. 
Those insuring on this table, can have the option of receiving ten dividends 
on the ten annual rales, or life dividends, if on the life table. 

nirinENDS 

Are declared annually after three years, and applied to the payment of pre- 
mium notes ; and in case no note has been given, to a reductii n of future 
premiums, the purchase of additional assurance, or Scrip bearing six percent 
interest. Last dividend fifty per cent., and note returned. 



Vice Frl: '^^'-^N^^^^^^^^^^''^Actuar y , 
mm 1) poi iir\ii>^^^^^^^.P^RKs tackler 

Attorney, ^*".JirL'. sc. w..*^ Examining Physician. 
AUGUSTUS FORD. "^^^^^^-^r. DANICL AYRES M.D.LL.D. 



\^%\qIu1<J ^^^ ^ 



<\ 



,*sK,tii^fM?«"« 



Av 



VEp/^'E^Ad 



SING ' 



\ \\'. 141 



AND 



J|^' 






^^S. 



Policies issued, nearly 30,000. Losses paid, ^1,250,000. Dividends paid, 
^750,000. Annual dividends paid, commencing with first renewal. 

A. M. WARD, General Agent, Utica, N. Y. 

J. T. POMPILLY, N. Y. Agent, 151 Broadway. 



J. C. Walklev, Pres. S. H. White, Sec'y. 

N. S. Palmer, Vice Pres. S. J. Bestor, Ass't Sec'y. 



iOliElii lAIiIii 



This popular home of the tourist and invalid has been 

THOROXJO-HLY REFITTED, 

and is now open for guests. The proprietor has recently purchased the hotel 
property, and having for many years devoted himself to 

TEE COMFOET AND ACCOMMODATION OF VISITORS TO THE SPSINGS, 

knows their wants and how to supply them. The hotel property comprises an 

excellefit gardefi, from which our gtiest tables are ahmdantly S7ipplied with 

CHOICE AND FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 

The hall is near the Springs, and has accommodations for one hundred 

and twenty-five guests. Carriages run to all the trains. 

WM. L. MINER, Proprietor. 



UNITED STATES 

ipress Company. 



PRINCIPAL OFFICE, 
BRANCH OFFICES, 

SOI *St 4ie BPiOAOWAY. 

J^itns Five Expresses Daily, via Erie Bailiuay, 

Atlantie and Great Western, and 

Lalce Shore Railroads, 

MAKING DIRECT CONNECTION Vv'lTH ALL THE DIFFERENT RAIL- 
ROADS THROUGHOUT THE WEST, NORTHWEST, SOUTH- 
• WEST, AND CANADA. MONEY, VALUABLES, AND 
FREIGHT OF ALL KINDS, FORWARDED IN 
QUICK TIME, AND AT THE 
LOWEST RATES. 

Each Express under Charge of Special Messenger 
on Passenger Trains. 

D. N. BARNEY, President. 

C. A. DE WITT, Gex'l Sup't East. 
HENRY KIPP, Gen'l Sup't West. 

0. P. THAYEE, General Agent, New York. 



TAINTOE BROTHERS & CO., 

PUBLISHERS or 

Mosic, School, and Miscellaneous Books, 

229 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 

JUST ISSUED, 

^^Ca3?aaiaa Taleasia/^ 

A new collection of College Songs and Music, as sung by the Students oi 
Yale, and other Colleges, with Piano-Forte Accompaniment, and comprising 
all the old popular and standard college songs, with numerous pieces not 
hitherto published. The famous '"'' Wooden Spoon Landers,'^ and the " Song 
of the Spoon,'''' also the celebrated ""^ Christmas A ttthevz" as sung by the 
Beethoven Society of Yale, are included. 
Extra cloth, price $150; sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of price. 



ANOTHER NEW BOOK I 

AND THE REGION AROUND," 

Tlieir Scenery, Legends and History, 

With Sketches in prose and verse by Cooper, Irving, Bryant, Cole, and 
other eminent writers, 

By I\ev. CHARLES I^OCKWELL, 

Dutch Dominie of the Catskills. 

z Volume, lamo. Bound in Extra Cloth, 350 pages. Price, . . ^2.00. 
AGENTS "WANTED. 

TAINTOB BBOTHERS & CO., Publishers, 

No. 229 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



MAPB, G-UIDES AN(D (SOOKB 

OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS FURNISHED TO ORDER AND SENT BY 
MAIL OR EXPRESS, AT PUBLISHERS' PRICES. 



Francis & Loutrel, 
STATIONERS 

AND 

PRINTERS, 

45 Maiden ILane, New YorU. 



We supply everything in our line 
at lowest price. Orders sotcited. 



GREAT EMPOEIUM 

For STEREOSCOPES & VIEWS 

of all parts of the World, 

Photographic Albums, and 

Photoyvaphie Materials . 

B. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., 

501 Broadway, New York, 
St. Nicholas Block. 
Just published, Wonderful Views 
of the Interior of the Mammoth 
Cave, Kentucky, taken by the Mag- 
nesium Light. 



AMERICAN LEAD PENCIL CO., NEW YOEK. 

Factory, Hudson City, N. J. 

"Wholesale Salesroom, No. 34 John Street, New York. 

All styles and grades of Lead Pencils of superior quality are manufactured 

and offered at fair terms to the trade. The public are invited to give the 

American Lead Pencil the preference. The Pencils are to be had at all 

the principal Stationers and Notion Dealers. 

ASK FOR THE "AMERICAN LEAD PENCIL," 

Sheffield Scientific School,^ngineering Department, ) 
Yale College. November 16, 1866. ) 
After a thorough trial of the American Polygrade Lead Pencils, "I find 
them superior to any pencil in use, even to the Faber or the old English 
Cumberland Lead Pencil, being a superior pencil for sketching, ornamen- 
tal and mechanical drawing, and all the ordinary uses of a lead pencil. 

LOUIS BAIL, Professor of Drawing, &c. 
All Pencils are stamped : '• American Ld. Pencil Co., N. Y." None 
genuine without the exact name of the firm — look to it. 



American Eein-Holder. 

L.\ST AND GE EATE ST NOVELTY. 

Saves Lives, Limbs & Accidents. 

Attached to dash, and holds the 
Reins and Horse fast and firm, while 
the driver leaves his seat. Agents 
Wanted Everywhere ! Great in- 
ducements offered ! Write for de- 
scriptive circulars and terms to 

American Rein-Holder Co., 
Binghamton, N. Y. 



PARK HOTEL, 

Park Mow, Oivefjo, JV. T. 

Is just opened, and fiimished with 
aU modem -improvements, and is 
second to none in Central New 
York 

Free omnibus to and from Depot 
for Gufests. 

Owego, May. 1867. 

JAS. DAVIDSON, 

Proprietor. 



Civil and Topographical Engineer, 

229 BROADWAY, Room No. 40. 



Surveys made. 3Iaps of all kinds Drawn^ 

Engraved, Printed, Colored, 

and Mounted, 



A large number of recently engraved plates on hand, containing accurate 
maps of many of the States and Counties of the United States, made froni 
actual surveys, and very full and complete. 

SCHOOLS, COLLEGES and LIBRARIES supplied on liberal terms. 

Catalogues furnished on application. 

RAILWAY COMPANIES wishing special maps can save time and ex. 
pense and obtain more satisfactory maps by making use of these materials 
than in any other way. 

GUIDE MAPS, etc., prepared at short notice, and in the best manner. 

WALLINa & GRAY, 

Mmw Hani actareri^ 

DANIELSONVILLE, CONN. 



Maps of all kinds Colored and Mounted 

in tl\e best inanner and on 

reasonable terins. 



H. F. WALLING. O. W. GRAY. 



Savory Dining Saloon, 

No. 145 FULTON ST.. 
Near Broadway, NEW YORK. 

Cooked to ordei at all hours of the 
day. Charges 1v.easonable. Every 
thing in its season, and in Good 
Style. 

A. M. SEE, Proprietor. 



SURBRUG' 

No Nair\e Cigar 

AND 

Peculiar Smoking Tobacco. 

NONE BETTER. 

151 FULTON STREET, 

NEW YORK. 



THE AMERICAN WOOD PAPER CO., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

^i^itttittg, (ftttitrtape, (Kitvrt and furngiutj ^n\m\ 

OF VARIOUS GRADES AND QUALITIES. 

Atso, a superior article of Jilottiii</ Vapcr. 

E. E]>J:BIiEE, A^ent. 

Ofllce and Wareroom, 18 & 20 VESEY STREET, 

Near the Astor House, MIW Y<aKK. 



Comer of Park Row and Beekman St., opp. City Hall Park. N. Y. 
This Hotel is conducted on the European plan, for the accommodation of 
both ladies and gentlemen. Adjoining the ladies' parlor is a 

PRIVATE RESTAURANT, 
for ladies and gentlemen, where Meals will be furnished at all hours, guests 

paying for only what they order. 

J. P. HUGG-INS, Proprietor. 



Buy the Best 




H, H, LLOYD & 00., 21 JOHN ST., NEW YOEI 

AGENTS WANTED. 



I 



^^4^a^^ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




